Effects of 00-rapeseed meal inclusion in Parmigiano Reggiano hay-based ration on dairy cows’ production, reticular pH and fibre digestibility

Figures & data

Table 1. Experimental diet and chemical composition (mean ± SD).

	00-rapeseed levels, % dry matter (DM)
Item	0.0^a	3.8^b	8.5^c	13.2^d
Ingredient, g/kg DM
Grass hay	426	395	368	331
Steam flaked corn	137	151	165	188
Soybean meal	92	68	34	–
Rapeseed meal	–	38	85	132
Cane–beet molasses blend	35	36	36	36
Grain mix^e	309	313	313	313
Chemical composition
DM, g/kg	889 ± 10	891 ± 14	890 ± 13	894 ± 13
Ether extract, g/kg DM	28 ± 3	29 ± 3	30 ± 4	32 ± 3
Ash, g/kg DM	80 ± 4	80 ± 4	79 ± 4	79 ± 4
aNDFom^f, g/kg DM	323 ± 27	313 ± 26	313 ± 25	304 ± 20
ADF, g/kg DM	211 ± 19	201 ± 18	197 ± 18	187 ± 15
ADL, g/kg DM	28 ± 3	28 ± 3	29 ± 3	29 ± 3
IVNDFD^g 24 h, g/kg aNDFom	450 ± 21	448 ± 24	435 ± 24	423 ± 21
IVNDFD^g 240 h, g/kg aNDFom	729 ± 19	736 ± 25	732 ± 20	734 ± 21
uNDF 240h^h, g/kg DM	87 ± 10	85 ± 18	84 ± 10	81 ± 9
peNDF^i, g/kg DM	160 ± 16	160 ± 16	154 ± 14	148 ± 15
Starch, g/kg DM	248 ± 18	252 ± 17	254 ± 19	265 ± 20
Sugar, g/kg DM	74 ± 6	76 ± 7	76 ± 7	75 ± 7
CP, g/kg DM	144 ± 11	148 ± 11	147 ± 11	145 ± 8
Soluble protein, g/kg DM	42 ± 4	44 ± 4	44 ± 5	44 ± 4
NDIP^j, g/kg DM	22 ± 4	23 ± 3	22 ± 4	21 ± 4
ADIP^k, g/kg DM	10 ± 1	10 ± 1	10 ± 1	11 ± 1

^a Control diet (S).

^b Low rapeseed meal inclusion diet (LR).

^c Medium rapeseed meal inclusion diet (MR).

^d High rapeseed meal inclusion diet (HR).

^e Grain mix ingredients: 418 g/kg wheat bran, 209 g/kg sorghum grain, 209 g/kg maize fine, 105 g/kg flaked fullfat soybean, 21 g/kg calcium carbonate, 21 g/kg cane molasses, 11 g/kg sodium chloride, 3 g/kg magnesium oxide and 3 g/kg vitamin and mineral premix (provided per kg of mix: 40,000 IU/kg vitamin A, 4,000 IU/kg vitamin D3, 300 mg/kg vitamin E 920 g/kg α-tocopherol, 50 mg/kg vitamin B1, 30 mg/kg vitamin B2, 15 mg/kg vitamin B6, 0.6 mg/kg vitamin B12, 50 mg/kg vitamin K, 50 mg/kg vitamin H1 (para-aminobenzoic acid), 1.5 g/kg vitamin PP (niacin), 500 mg/kg choline chloride, 1 g/kg Fe, 1 mg Co, 50 mg/kg I, 1.2 g/kg Mn, 100 mg/kg Cu, and 1.3 g/kg Zn).

^f Amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated NDF with ash correction.

^g In vitro NDF digestibility, g/kg aNDFom.

^h Unavailable NDF estimated via 240-h in vitro fermentation.

ⁱ Physically effective NDF (aNDFom*pef), calculated using the Ro-Tap system (Heinrichs 2013).

^j Neutral detergent insoluble protein (Neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen*6.25).

k Acid detergent insoluble protein (acid detergent insoluble nitrogen*6.25).

CP: crude protein.

Table 2. Effect of 00-rapeseed meal on DMI, water intake, BW and rumination in dairy cow fed PR type ration.

	00-rapeseed levels, % DM				SEM	p value
Item	0.01^1	3.82^2	8.53^3	13.24^4		TRT	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
DMI^5, kg/d	23.35^b	23.65^ab	23.88^a	23.78^ab	1.23	0.04	0.272	0.522	0.850
Water intake, L/d	166.86	183.98	154.53	173.86	2.25	0.18	0.386	0.613	<.001
Water intake/DMI^5, L/kg	7.22^AB	8.09^A	6.51^B	7.40^AB	0.89	<.01	0.090	0.949	<.001
BW^6, kg	670.95	687.29	679.18	679.93	21.02	0.25	0.077	0.001	0.002
Rumination, min/d	347.31	320.51	327.69	308.94	41.78	0.61	0.010	0.664	0.149

^a,b,cValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .05).

^A,B,CValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .01).

¹ Control diet (S)

² Low rapeseed meal inclusion diet (LR)

³ Medium rapeseed meal inclusion diet (MR)

⁴ High rapeseed meal inclusion diet (HR)

⁵ DMI: dry matter intake

⁶ BW: body weight.

PR: Parmigiano Reggiano.

Table 3. Effect of rapeseed meal on ruminal pH in dairy cow fed PR type ration.

	00-rapeseed levels, % DM				SEM	p value
Item	0.0	3.8^2	8.5^3	13.2^4		TRT	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
Daily average r-Ph	5.88^B	5.84^B	5.92^A	5.71^C	0.09	<.01	<.001	<.001	<.001
Time r-pH < 5.8, min/d	550.8	689.6	467.2	758.4	181.12	0.13	<.001	0.002	<.001
Time r-pH < 5.5, min/d	127.1	239.0	72.1	336.1	113.40	0.10	<.001	<.001	<.001
AUC^5 r-pH< 5.8	107.2^b	165.0^b	72.1^c	255.0^a	7.35	0.04	<.001	<.001	<.001
AUC^5 r-pH < 5.5	15.0^b	23.4^b	6.0^c	97.1^a	3.53	0.02	<.001	<.001	<.001

^a,b,cValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .05).

^A,B,CValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .01).

¹ Control diet (S)

² Low rapeseed meal inclusion diet (LR)

³ Medium rapeseed meal inclusion diet (MR)

⁴ High rapeseed meal inclusion diet (HR)

⁵ AUC: area under curve, calculate like area under pH 5.8 and 5.5.

PR: Parmigiano Reggiano.

Table 4. Effect of rapeseed meal on milk production and quality in dairy cow fed PR type ration.

	00-rapeseed levels, % DM				SEM	p value
Item	0.0	3.8^2	8.5^3	13.2^4		TRT	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
Milk, kg/d	32.30^b	33.28 ^b	34.44^a	33.46 ^b	3.42	0.01	0.012	0.017	0.201
ECM^5, kg/d	32.47^b	33.73^b	34.63^a	33.64^b	3.39	0.05	0.425	0.365	0.782
FCM^6 4%, kg/d	30.04^b	30.84^b	31.97^a	30.61^b	3.02	0.04	0.558	0.317	0.560
Milk kg/DMI kg	1.39	1.42	1.45	1.42	0.09	0.37	0.557	0.457	0.726
Fat, g/kg	35.5	34.1	34.3	32.8	0.91	0.10	0.016	0.959	0.322
g/d	1139^AB	1118^AB	1184^A	1061^B	33.8	0.02	0.333	0.187	0.110
Protein
g/kg	29.5	31.6	31.0	31.6	0.41	0.08	0.001	0.041	0.021
g/d	957^b	1045^a	1066^a	1043^ab	83.7	<.01	0.082	0.121	0.880
Casein
g/kg	22.9	24.4	24.0	24.4	0.68	0.07	0.001	0.033	0.020
g/d	744^b	809^ab	825^a	810^ab	23.0	<.01	0.099	0.163	0.892
Lactose
g/kg	48.5	47.9	48.3	47.6	0.86	0.12	0.075	0.973	0.116
g/d	1577	1605	1668	1613	88.0	0.49	0.550	0.515	0.595
SCS, Log	2.11	2.38	2.37	3.03	0.25	0.21	0.004	0.362	0.331
Urea, mg/dL	24.88	23.70	23.53	20.67	0.87	0.08	0.004	0.008	0.001
SH°50, degrees	3.04	3.14	3.15	3.10	0.16	0.16	0.454	0.185	0.896
Milk pH	6.71	6.73	6.71	6.73	0.02	0.59	0.161	0.809	0.122
Goitrin, μmol/g	0.00^C	0.32^BC	0.61^AB	0.73^A	0.07	<.01	<.001	<.001	<.001

^a,b,cValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .05).

^A,B,CValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .01).

¹ Control diet (S)

² Low rapeseed meal inclusion diet (LR)

³ Medium rapeseed meal inclusion diet (MR)

⁴ High rapeseed meal inclusion diet (HR)

⁵ ECM: energy corrected milk.

⁶ FCM: fat corrected milk.

PR: Parmigiano Reggiano.

Table 5. Effect of rapeseed meal on faecal fibre content and total tract fibre digestibility in dairy cow fed PR type ration.

	00-rapeseed levels, % DM				SEM	p Value
Item	0.0	3.8^2	8.5^3	13.2^4		TRT	Linear	Quadratic	Cubic
Faecal aNDFom^5, g/kg DM	587.1	586.6	586.2	585.7	0.86	0.69	0.512	0.470	0.031
Faecal uNDFom^6, g/kg DM	280.5^A	272.7^B	264.8^C	257.0^D	0.26	<.01	<.001	<.001	0.294
Faecal pdNDF^7, g/kg DM	306.5^d	313.1^c	319.6^b	326.1^a	0.65	0.01	0.015	0.001	0.112
aNDFom TTD^8, %	45.15^A	43.40^B	41.64^C	39.88^D	1.00	<.01	<.001	0.500	0.056
pdNDF TTD^8, %	61.25^A	58.94^B	56.63^C	54.32^D	0.99	<.01	<.001	0.084	0.225

^a,b,cValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .05).

^A,B,CValues within rows with different superscripts differ (p ≤ .01).

¹ Control diet (S)

² Low rapeseed meal inclusion diet (LR)

³ Medium rapeseed meal inclusion diet (MR)

⁴ High rapeseed meal inclusion diet (HR)

⁵ aNDFom: Amylase- and sodium sulfite-treated NDF with ash correction.

⁶ uNDF: Unavailable NDF estimated via 240-h in vitro fermentation.

⁷ pdNDF: Potentially digestible NDF.

⁸ TTD: Total tract digestibility.

PR: Parmigiano Reggiano.

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