Quality and safety of meat from wild boar hunted in Molise region

Figures & data

Table 1. Physico-chemical traits of longissimus thoracis muscle in wild boar of different live weight and sex.

	Live weight. kg (W)			Sex (S)			p Value
Traits	50	70	100	M	F	SEM	W	S	WxS
pH24	5.77	5.73	5.81	5.79	5.75	0.041	.680	.604	.714
Colour 24 h
L*	41.42	40.22	37.91	40.39	39.30	0.583	.062	.355	.380
a*	15.32	16.65	16.45	16.14	16.15	0.293	.128	.986	.270
b*	8.87	8.89	9.68	8.65	9.34	0.410	.679	.642	.798

SEM: standard error means.

Table 2. Intramuscular collagen, α-tocopherol and cholesterol content of longissimus thoracis muscle in wild boar of different live weight and sex.

	Live weight, kg (W)			Sex (S)			p Value
Traits	50	70	100	M	F	SEM	W	S	WxS
Total collagen, µg/mg^a	25.57	23.95	26.87	22.46	28.47	1.407	.703	.043	.319
α-tocopherol, µg/g	5.90	5.87	5.98	6.05	5.79	0.107	.913	.238	.844
Cholesterol, mg/100g	74.47	69.07	64.60	72.29	66.47	1.530	.058	.073	.565

^a Liophylized muscle tissue. SEM: standard error mean.

Table 3. Total lipids (g/100g) and fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acid) and nutritional indices of longissimus thoracis muscle in wild boar of different weight and sex.

	Live weight, kg (W)			Sex (S)			p Value
Traits	50	70	100	M	F	SEM	W	S	WxS
Total lipids	6.17	5.27	7.70	6.3	6.5	0.531	.198	.829	.847
Fatty acids
C 14:0	0.83^b	1.00^a	1.02^a	0.94	0.96	0.028	.037	.663	.590
C 16:0	21.33^b	22.83^a	22.64^ab	22.04	22.49	0.240	.049	.362	.803
C 18:0	14.53	14.43	13.47	14.17	14.13	0.461	.610	.963	.535
C 20:0	0.61	0.67	0.46	0.61	0.56	0.064	.420	.713	.834
C 22:0	0.48	0.43	0.41	0.44	0.44	0.028	.652	.907	.207
C 24:0	0.44	0.32	0.28	0.34	0.34	0.029	.109	.000	.323
C15:1 c10	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.009	.720	.980	.930
C 16:1 c9	1.36^b	2.56^a	2.68^a	2.13	2.27	0.149	.006	.639	.822
C17:1 c9	0.20	0.20	0.24	0.22	0.21	0.041	.989	.896	.948
C 18:1 c9	32.16	37.25	39.66	35.87	36.85	1.560	.206	.750	.226
C 20:1 c11	0.49	0.52	0.55	0.53	0.51	0.033	.802	.808	.195
C 18:2 n − 6	19.67^a	13.60^b	13.65^b	16.30	14.98	0.797	.012	.419	.313
C 18:3 n − 3	1.29^a	0.69^b	0.94^ab	1.06	0.89	0.073	.014	.280	.843
C 20:2 n − 6	0.62	0.43	0.42	0.49	0.49	0.028	.101	.943	.756
C 20:4 n − 6	4.70	3.96	2.72	3.65	3.93	0.370	.143	.707	.144
C 20:5 n − 3	0.44^a	0.33^ab	0.23^b	0.32	0.34	0.027	.021	.708	.076
C22:5 n − 3	0.70	0.63	0.49	0.75	0.46	0.042	.702	.825	.638
C22:6 n − 3	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.11	0.10	0.021	.654	.125	.752
Total fatty acids^a
ƩSFA	38.22	39.67	38.28	38.53	38.92	0.603	.521	.748	.556
ƩMUFA	34.27	40.58	43.19	38.80	39.89	1.510	.091	.724	.231
ƩPUFA	27.51^a	19.75^b	18.53^b	22.67	21.19	1.128	.014	.522	.203
ƩPUFA n − 6	24.98^a	17.99^b	16.79^b	20.44	19.40	1.056	.017	.630	.189
ƩPUFA n − 3	2.53^a	1.76^b	1.74^b	2.23	1.79	0.088	.004	.025	.516
Nutritional indices^b
n − 6/n − 3	10.01	10.32	9.66	9.19	10.80	0.346	.735	.035	.364
P/S	0.72^B	0.50^A	0.48^A	0.59	0.54	0.025	.003	.423	.192
AI	0.40^b	0.45^a	0.43^ab	0.42	0.43	0.007	.050	.455	.686
TI	0.98	1.11	1.05	1.02	1.07	0.023	.119	.257	.733

^a SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids.

^b P/S: PUFA/SFA ratio; AI: atherogenic index; TI: thrombogenic index. SEM: standard error mean.

^A,BMeans within a row lacking a common superscript differ (p<.01).

^a,bMeans within a row lacking a common superscript differ (p<.05).

Table 4. Least squares mean for heavy metals content (mg/kg w.w.) of longissimus thoracis muscle in wild boar of different live weight and sex, hunted in two different areas of Molise region.

	Chromium, Cr	Manganese, Mn	Nickel, Ni	Copper, Cu	Cadmium, Cd	Lead, Pb
Live weight (W)
50 kg	0.073	0.125	0.017^B	1.151	0.001	0.025
70 kg	0.063	0.130	0.017^B	1.132	0.001	0.026
100 kg	0.066	0.083	0.035^A	0.696	0.001	0.011
p-value	.150	.522	.008	.317	.711	.404
Sex (S)
M	0.072	0.116	0.023	1.024	0.001	0.020
F	0.062	0.110	0.022	0.963	0.001	0.022
p-value	.012	.670	.243	.333	.514	.377
Hunting area (A)^a
A1	0.063	0.113	0.018	0.929	0.001	0.023
A2	0.070	0.113	0.027	1.058	0.001	0.019
p-value	.428	.756	.009	.598	.233	.863
SEM	0.004	0.013	0.002	0.159	0.000	0.005
p-value
W x S	.076	.782	.006	.374	.870	.634
W x A	.801	.216	.007	.951	.566	.230
S x A	.953	.662	.005	.721	.832	.977
W x S x A	.951	.682	.006	.989	.450	.991

^aA1 = Bagnoli del Trigno-PoggioSannita (Isernia); A2 = Roccavivara-Civitacampomarano (Campobasso). SEM: standard error mean.

^A,BMeans within a row lacking a common superscript differ (p<.01).