Training in Evidence-Based Practices Increases Likelihood to Integrate Different HIV Prevention Services with Substance-Using Clients

Figures & data

Table 1. Sample Demographic Characteristics (N = 379).

Characteristic	N	%
Age (M = 41, SD = 12)
Gender
Male	143	38
Female	236	62
Ethnicity
Hispanic or Latino	241	64
Not Hispanic or Latino	138	36
Race
More than one race	64	17
White	102	27
Black or African American	193	51
Native Hawaiian, Asian, American Indian, Alaskan Native	20	5
Highest level of education
Less than high school	6	2
High school diploma/General Educational Decelopment	87	23
Associate’s degree	46	12
Bachelor’s degree	122	32
Master’s degree	115	30
Doctoral degree	3	1
Work position
Supervisor	56	15
Counselor	77	20
Case manager	100	26
Navigator	27	7
Educator/outreach	57	15
Program administrator	55	15
Other	7	2

Table 2. Providers Experience and Training Predicting^a Inclusion of HIV prevention Strategies (N = 379).

Strategy Outcomes	Sexual Risk Assessment (Y/N)	Risk Reduction Counseling (Y/N)	Condom Demos (Y/N)	HIV Testing (Y/N)	Combined Strategies (0–4)
Predictors	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	b (SE)
HIV prevention training (ref: no HIV prevention training)	4.06*** [2.30, 7.18]	2.40** [1.35, 4.25]	2.06** [1.21, 3.52]	2.69*** [1.55, 4.66]	0.70 (0.14)***
EBP training (ref: no EBP training)
1 area	3.73** [1.49, 9.34]	2.00 [0.80, 5.01]	3.22* [1.28, 8.07]	2.16 [0.90, 5.21]	0.77 (0.24)**
2 areas	2.75* [1.19, 6.34]	2.53* [1.07, 5.96]	2.05 [0.89, 4.75]	2.20 [0.97, 5.01]	0.64 (0.22)**
3 areas	8.18*** [2.83, 23.69]	5.77** [1.94, 17.20]	3.14* [1.17, 8.39]	3.51* [1.29, 9.57]	1.15 (0.26)***
Service modality training (ref: no service modality training)
1 area	1.76 [0.86, 3.60]	1.88 [0.87, 4.06]	1.59 [0.80, 3.18]	1.34 [0.66, 2.75]	0.38 (0.18)*
2 areas	2.64* [1.02, 6.81]	2.06 [0.77, 5.52]	1.43 [0.61, 3.34]	1.58 [0.63, 3.92]	0.44 (0.23)
3 areas	2.29 [0.78, 6.75]	1.79 [0.59, 5.41]	1.35 [0.53, 3.45]	2.15 [0.74, 6.23]	0.43 (0.25)
Staff collaboration	1.40* [1.08, 1.81]	1.50** [1.15, 1.95]	1.31* [1.03, 1.68]	1.39* [1.08, 1.78]	0.23 (0.06)***
Job satisfaction	1.17 [0.89, 1.55]	1.18 [0.89, 1.56]	1.29 [0.99, 1.67]	1.28 [0.98, 1.67]	0.14 (0.07)*

Note. OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; b = unstandardized beta estimate; SE = standard error; ref = reference; EBP = evidence-based practice.

a. multilevel logistic regression for each dichotomous outcome and linear regression for combined HIV strategies include all predictors simultaneously, as well as control variables: Age, gender, race, education, work position, and caseload.

*p < .05, **p < .01, ***p < .001;