Biodiesels powered in-cylinder common rail direct injection (CRDi) Assisted Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine

Figures & data

Table 1. Properties of diesel, CPOME and ACOME

Sl. No.	Properties	Diesel	CPOME	ACOME
1	Viscosity @ 40°C (cSt)	2.94	4.58	5.8
2	Flash point, (^oC)	57	148	97
3	Lower Calorific Value (kJ/kg)	43000	40016	41577
4	Density kg/m^3	840	882	885
5	Cetane Number	52	55	57

Figure 1. The experimental set up for HCCI engine operation

Figure 2. Toriodal combustion chamber

Table 2. Engine specifications

Sl. No.	Parameters	Specification
1	Type of engine	Kirloskar make Single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine
2	Nozzle opening pressure	205 bar
3	Rated power	5.2 kW @1500 RPM
4	Cylinder diameter	87.5 mm
5	Stroke length	110 mm
6	Compression ratio	17.5: 1

Table 3. Specifications of exhaust gas analyser

Type	DELTA 1600S
Object of measurement	Carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), NOx and hydrocarbons (HC)
Range of measurement	HC = 0–20,000 ppm as C3H8 (Propane), CO = 0–10% CO2 = 0–16% O2 = 0–21% NOX = 0–5000 ppm (as nitric oxide)
Accuracy	HC = ± 30 ppm HC CO = ± 0.2% CO CO2 = ± 1% CO2 O2 = ± 0.2% O2 NOX = ± 10 ppm NO
Resolution	HC = 1 ppm CO = 0.01% Vol. CO2 = 0.1% Vol. O2 = 0.01% Vol. NOX = 1 ppm
Warm up time	10 min. (self-controlled) at 20°C
Speed of esponse time	Within 15 sec. for 90% response
Sampling	Directly sampled from tail pipe
Power source	100–240 V AC/50 Hz
Weight	800 g
Size	100 mm × 210 mm × 50 mm

Table 4. Specifications of smoke metre

Type	HARTRIDGE SMOKEMETER – 4
Object of measurement	Smoke
Measuring range opacity	0–100 %
Accuracy	±2 % relative
Resolution	0.1 %
Smoke length	0.43 m
Ambient temperature range	−5° C to + 45° C
Warm up time	10 min. (self-controlled) at 20°C
Speed of response time	Within 15 sec. for 90% response
Sampling	Directly sampled from tail pipe
Power supply	100 to 240 V AC/50 HZ 10–16 V DC @15 amps
Size	100 mm × 210 mm × 50 mm.

Figure 3. Effect of IT on BTE of HCCI engine at 40 % load

Figure 4. Effect of IT on smoke emission of HCCI engine at 40 % load

Figure 5. Effect of IT on HC emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 6. Effect of IT on CO emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 7. Effect of IT on NOx emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 8. The variation in HRR of HCCI engine at 40% load (ACOME)

Figure 9. Effect of IT on HRR of HCCI engine at 40% load (ACOME)

Figure 10. Effect of IT on the BTE of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 11. Effect of IT on smoke emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 12. Effect of IT on HC emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 13. Effect of IT on HC emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 14. Effect of IT on NOx emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 15. Effect of IP on BTE of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 16. Effect of IP on Smoke emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 17. Effect of IP on HC emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 18. Effect of IP on CO emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 19. Effect of IP on NOx emission of HCCI engine at 40% load

Figure 20. Effect of IP on HRR of HCCI engine at 40% load (ACOME)

Table

ACOME	Acid oil methyl ester
BP	Brake power
BTDC	Before top dead centre
BTE	Brake thermal efficiency
CI	Compression ignition
CC	Combustion chamber
CD	Combustion duration
CN	Cetane number
CR	Compression ratio
CPOME	Ceiba Pentandra oil methyl ester
CO	Carbon monoxide
CO2	Carbon dioxide
DI	Direct injection
ECU	Electronic control unit
HC	Hydrocarbon
HCCI	Homogeneous charge compression ignition
HCC	Hemispherical combustion chamber
HRR	Heat release rate
ID	Ignition delay
IOP	Injector opening pressure
IT	Injection timing
TCC	Toroidal combustion chamber
TRCC	Toroidal combustion chamber
NOx	Oxides of nitrogen
NVO	Negative valve overlap
PM	Particulate matter
SFC	Specific fuel consumption
VVT	Variable valve timing