Mapping the provision and evaluation practices of local community health and wellbeing programmes delivered by professional sports clubs in England: a practice-based targeted review

Figures & data

Table 1. Inclusion criteria of H&W programmes and impact reports delivered and issued by PSCs.

Programmes
Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Physical activity must be a core component of the programme, acting as the main delivery mechanism	Any programme that did not primarily aim to improve the physical or mental health outcome of participants
Interventions must focus primarily on improving health and wellbeing
Programmes must be delivered in-person, or at least delivered in person prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Programmes must be developed and delivered by either the club’s foundation or charitable arm coaches, or by their respective leagues’ community coaches.
Impact reports
Documents must be published by clubs who play home fixtures in the United Kingdom	Documents that are solely focused on financial expenditure and/or revenue
Documents must be written in the English language
Documents must have been published by the respective foundation or charitable arm of a professional sport club
Documents must have been listed as impact report, annual report, or annual review of their work

Figure 1. PRISMA flow diagram for inclusion of impact reports.

Table 2. Reported H&W impact statements identified with PSCs impact reports

Document	Claimed Impact	Specific element of H&W	Stated measurement tool	Survey respondents	Data collection points
Brentford FC	- Last year, our health projects supported 800 adults and 300 children to live healthier and more active lifestyles. * - 100% of participants surveyed said the sessions have helped to improve their health and fitness - 75% said their confidence levels have increased since attending the football sessions. *	- No - No - Yes	- No - No - No	- No - No - No	- No - No - No
Brighton and Hove Albion FC	- £28.75m of economic impact*** - For every £1 invested in AITC, Sussex receives social value equivalent to £8.84. If only income from grants and commissioned contracts are included, the social value impact is significantly higher at £16.13 for every £1 of investment*** - £24.7m of health economic impact*	- N/A - N/A - N/A	- Social Value Bank - Social Value Bank - Social Value Bank	- N/A - N/A - N/A	- N/A - N/A - N/A
Burnley FC	- 89% improved in physical wellbeing - 89% more involved in sport and PA - 83% more positive attitude - 88% more involved in community - 90% improved physical wellbeing**	- No - No - No - No - No	- No - No - No - No - No	- No - No - No - No - No	- No - No - No - No - No
Liverpool FC	- 85% reported positive impact on mental health / wellbeing* - 86% reported positive impact on their physical health / fitness (projects involving some form of PA)* - Social Return on Investment, based on total expenditure of £3,018,325*** - SROI per £1 = £7.76 on whole expenditure. SROI per £1 - £15.29 (project expenditure only)***	- No - Yes (Fitness) - N/A - N/A	- No - No - UEFA Grow SROI Approach - UEFA Grow SROI Approach	- 478 respondents - 339 respondents - Annual valuation - Annual valuation	- End of the 2020/2021 season (12 months) - End of the 2020/2021 season (12 months) - Annual valuation - Annual valuation
Manchester United FC	- 53% of participants showed improvements in physical health (activity levels increased) * - 80% of participants showed improvements in mental health (happiness, life satisfaction, resilience, wellbeing) * - 91% of participants reported feeling more connected and a sense of belonging in their community * - £9.9m healthcare savings (anxiety, depression and obesity) *	- Yes (PA levels) - Yes (happiness, life satisfaction, resilience, wellbeing) - N/A - N/A	- No - No - No - N/A	- 1,047 respondents - 1,047 respondents - 1,047 respondents - N/A	- Data collected over last 12 months - Data collected over last 12 months - Data collected over last 12 months - Data collected over last 12 months
Tottenham Hotspur	- Minimum social cost saving in the year to 31st July 2015 of £20,523,071 with expenditure in the same period being £2,973,000*** - Estimated social cost savings of £7 for every £1*** - Savings of £786,759 (boys) and £351,060 (girls) on obesity (11,957 participants) * - Savings of £1,346,725 on wellbeing (11,957 participants) *	- N/A - N/A - No - No	- Sportsworks model - Sportsworks model - Sportsworks model (x2) - Sportsworks model	- 14,000+ participant records - 14,000+ participant records - 11,957 participants - 11,957 participants	- August 2014 – July 2015 - August 2014 – July 2015 - August 2014 – July 2015 - August 2014 – July 2015
Blackpool FC	- 94% increased their knowledge of how to lead a healthy lifestyle** (FIT2GO) - 311kg of weight lost in total** (FITT BFC) - 839cm lost in total** (FITT BFC)	- No - Weight loss - Weight loss	- No - No - No	- Based on 1,240 participants - No - No	- 2021 project participants - No - No
Luton Town FC	- Average waist reduction of 35cm** (FIT Luton) - 45 males reduced their collective weight loss by an average of 30%** (FIT Luton) - 90% of the first 45 males to complete said they were happier with their life** (FIT Luton)	- Weight loss - Weight loss - Happiness	- No - No - No	-105 participants (male = 75) - 45 men - 45 men	- No - No - No
Preston North End	- Average 5.1kg lost per participant** (FIT PNE) 100% of participants feel happier as a result of engaging in the programme** (Sporting Memories)	- Yes (weight loss) - Happiness	- No - No	- No - No	- No - No
Harlequins RFC	- £2,500,000 of social value generated 540+ with improved self-esteem***(forecast) - £371 of social value per participant*** - £4.19 of social value per £1 of resources invested*** - METTLE = £382,900 social value (£6 return on £1)** - Ahead of the Game = £80,900 (£2 on £1)** - Diabetes Decathlon = £48,400 (£5 return on £1)**	- Self-esteem - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A - N/A	- SportValueBank tool - SportValueBank tool - SportValueBank tool - SportValueBank tool - SportValueBank tool - SportValueBank tool	- 540+ (youth) - 6,700+ - 6,700+ - 2,160 (expected) - 900 youth, 600 adults (expected) - 120 participants (expected)	- [Forecasted] annual value of the wellbeing impact of achieving an outcome. The calculated value is adjusted to reflect the length of the programme. - 10-week programme - 6-week programme - 10-week programme
Saracens RFC	- 90% of participants reported an increase in physical activity* - 92% of participants reported an improvement in their physical health*	- Physical activity - No	- No - No	- No - No	- No - No
Hull FC	- 93% of child participants report improved understanding of healthy eating** - 82% of participants reported better mental health from accessing tackling mental health activity* - 68% of participants reported reduced feelings of loneliness and/or isolation**	- No - No - Loneliness	- No - No - No	- No - No - No	- No - No - No

*Overall H&W projects; **Individual project; ***SROI analysis on all foundation projects SROI: Social Return on Investment

Figure 2. Map of provision for H&W programmes delivered and properties of M&E conducted by PSCs in England.