Potential intakes of total polyols based on UK usage survey data

Figures & data

Table 1. Polyol use levels as a sweetener or a miscellaneous additive in the UK.

	Use level (%)
Use category	Typical	Maximum
Sweeteners
Milk and milk-derivative-based preparations, energy-reduced or with no added sugar	5	5
Edible ices, energy-reduced or with no added sugar	5	10
Jellies, marshmallows with no added sugar	65	80
Hard candy with no added sugar	95	98
Gums with no added sugar	65	80
Chewy candy with no added sugar	65	80
Tablets with no added sugar	97	99
Cocoa-based products, energy-reduced or with no added sugar	35	45
Chewing gum with no added sugar	65	75
Cereal and energy bars	20	30
Sweet biscuits/cookies	15	35
Miscellaneous additives
Milk and milk-derivative-based preparations	1	2.5
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts	0.3	2
Edible ices	1	2
Jellies, marshmallows	2	10
Gums	2	10
Chewy candy	1	2
Cocoa-based products	2	4
Dessert sauces	5	5
Savoury sauces/dressings	3	3
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods	1.5	3
Cereal and energy bars	1.5	5
Savoury biscuits/crackers	2	2
Sweet biscuits/cookies	1	2
Snacks	1	5
Meat/fish-based products	1.5	8
Composite and miscellaneous foods	1	2.5
Spirits and liqueurs	2	4

Table 2. Mealtime intervals reported in NDNS 2008–9 food consumption survey.

Meal period	Duration (hours)
6 am to 8:59 am	3
9 am to 11:59 am	3
12 noon to 1:59 pm	2
2 pm to 4:59 pm	3
5 pm to 7:59 pm	3
8 pm to 9:59 pm	2
10 pm to 5:59 am	8

Table 3. Intakes of total polyols associated with individual eating occasions.

			Total polyol intake (g per item)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw per item)
Food category	N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps	2473	17.5	2.5	2.4	4.5	5.0	0.07	0.05	0.15	0.21
Edible ices	820	5.8	1.6	1.2	2.4	3.6	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.10
Jellies, marshmallows and gums	145	1.0	3.6	2.1	9.7	10.2	0.10	0.06	0.25	0.34
Chewy candy	154	1.1	0.6	0.4	1.2	1.7	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.06
Tablets and hard candy	11	0.1	6.0	3.0	11.9	11.9	0.15	0.07	0.18	0.46
Cocoa-based products	2195	15.6	1.7	1.1	2.7	5.0	0.04	0.02	0.07	0.10
Chewing gum	82	0.6	2.2	1.5	3.0	3.0	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.11
Cereal and energy bars	124	0.9	1.6	1.6	1.9	1.9	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.10
Sweet biscuits/cookies	2997	21.3	0.6	0.4	1.0	1.3	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts	3	0.0	2.1	1.8	3.2	3.4	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06
Dessert sauces	49	0.3	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06
Savoury sauces/dressings	1717	12.2	0.6	0.5	1.0	1.8	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.04
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods	1477	10.5	1.8	1.7	3.0	3.6	0.04	0.03	0.08	0.11
Savoury biscuits/crackers	298	2.1	0.5	0.4	0.8	0.8	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Snacks	746	5.3	1.3	1.3	2.0	2.5	0.03	0.03	0.06	0.08
Meat/fish-based products	31	0.2	5.3	5.3	8.2	10.2	0.10	0.08	0.19	0.25
Composite, miscellaneous foods	261	1.9	6.9	7.0	10.5	11.4	0.15	0.13	0.28	0.36
Spirits and liqueurs	510	3.6	2.2	1.8	4.0	5.5	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.08
All the above foods	14,093	100.0	1.5	1.0	3.4	4.8	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.13

Notes: N, number of eating occasions for individual food items.Figures in italics = insufficient consumers to provide a reliable estimate of percentiles.

Table 4. Intakes of total polyols associated with mealtimes.

			Total polyol intake (g per period)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw per period)
Food category	N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps	2414	20.9	2.5	2.5	4.8	5.0	0.07	0.05	0.16	0.21
Edible ices	810	7.0	1.6	1.2	2.4	3.6	0.05	0.03	0.09	0.11
Jellies, marshmallows and gums	142	1.2	3.7	2.3	9.7	10.2	0.10	0.07	0.26	0.34
Chewy candy	148	1.3	0.6	0.4	1.2	1.8	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.06
Tablets and hard candy	11	0.1	6.0	3.0	11.9	11.9	0.15	0.07	0.18	0.46
Cocoa-based products	2090	18.1	1.7	1.2	2.8	6.0	0.04	0.03	0.08	0.10
Chewing gum	82	0.7	2.2	1.5	3.0	3.0	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.11
Cereal and energy bars	123	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.9	1.9	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.11
Sweet biscuits/cookies	2836	24.6	0.6	0.5	1.0	1.3	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts	3	0.0	2.1	1.8	3.2	3.4	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06
Dessert sauces	49	0.4	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06
Savoury sauces/dressings	1655	14.3	0.6	0.5	1.1	1.8	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods	1439	12.5	1.9	1.7	3.2	3.9	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.11
Savoury biscuits/crackers	296	2.6	0.5	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Snacks	735	6.4	1.4	1.3	2.0	2.5	0.03	0.03	0.07	0.08
Meat/fish-based products	31	0.3	5.3	5.3	8.2	10.2	0.10	0.08	0.19	0.25
Composite, miscellaneous foods	261	2.3	6.9	7.0	10.5	11.4	0.15	0.13	0.28	0.36
Spirits and liqueurs	402	3.5	2.8	1.8	5.5	7.4	0.04	0.02	0.08	0.10
All the above foods	11,548	100.0	1.9	1.3	4.0	5.6	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.15

Notes: N, number of eating periods where food consumed.

Figures in italics = insufficient consumers to provide a reliable estimate of percentiles.

Table 5. Intakes of total polyols categorised by mealtimes.

			Total polyol intake (g per period)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw per period)
Time period	N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
6 am to 8:59 am	658	6	1.9	1.5	4.3	5.0	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.15
9 am to 11:59 am	1546	13	1.6	1.0	3.6	4.8	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.13
12 noon to 1:59 pm	2482	21	1.8	1.2	3.9	5.2	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.16
2 pm to 4:59 pm	2273	20	1.7	1.2	3.6	5.0	0.04	0.03	0.10	0.14
5pm to 7:59 pm	2563	22	2.2	1.5	4.8	6.8	0.06	0.03	0.14	0.20
8 pm to 9:59 pm	1479	13	1.9	1.2	4.0	6.0	0.04	0.02	0.08	0.12
10 pm to 5:59 am	547	5	2.2	1.2	5.3	7.6	0.03	0.02	0.07	0.10
All periods	11,548	100	1.9	1.3	4.0	5.6	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.15

Note: N, number of eating periods where food consumed.

Table 6. Intakes of total polyols associated with 1 day.

			Total polyol intake (g day^–1)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw day^–1)
Food category	N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps	1996	32.2	3.1	2.9	5.6	7.5	0.09	0.06	0.19	0.26
Edible ices	791	12.8	1.7	1.3	2.4	3.6	0.05	0.03	0.09	0.11
Jellies, marshmallows and gums	139	2.2	3.8	2.4	9.6	11.0	0.11	0.07	0.26	0.40
Chewy candy	136	2.2	0.6	0.4	1.4	2.1	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.06
Tablets and hard candy	11	0.2	6.0	3.0	11.9	11.9	0.15	0.07	0.18	0.46
Cocoa-based products	1810	29.2	2.0	1.4	3.6	7.1	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.13
Chewing gum	64	1.0	2.8	1.6	4.5	8.8	0.06	0.04	0.11	0.15
Cereal and energy bars	117	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.9	2.6	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.12
Sweet biscuits/cookies	2312	37.3	0.7	0.5	1.3	1.8	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.05
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts	3	0.0	2.1	1.8	3.2	3.4	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06
Dessert sauces	49	0.8	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06
Savoury sauces/dressings	1522	24.5	0.7	0.5	1.4	2.0	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods	1278	20.6	2.1	1.8	3.8	4.7	0.05	0.04	0.10	0.13
Savoury biscuits/crackers	277	4.5	0.5	0.5	0.8	1.0	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Snacks	687	11.1	1.4	1.3	2.5	3.0	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.08
Meat/fish-based products	31	0.5	5.3	5.3	8.2	10.2	0.10	0.08	0.19	0.25
Composite, miscellaneous foods	258	4.2	6.9	7.0	10.5	12.5	0.16	0.13	0.29	0.39
Spirits and liqueurs	304	4.9	3.7	2.8	7.4	10.9	0.05	0.03	0.10	0.16
All the above foods	6202	100.0	3.5	2.5	7.6	10.4	0.09	0.05	0.20	0.27

Notes: N, number of days on which food consumed.

Figures in italics = insufficient consumers to provide a reliable estimate of percentiles.

Table 7. Intakes of total polyols averaged over 4 days.

			Total polyol intake (g day^–1)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw day^–1)
Food category	N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps	997	51.6	1.5	1.1	3.1	4.0	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.14
Edible ices	557	28.8	0.6	0.5	1.1	1.4	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.04
Jellies, marshmallows and gums	114	5.9	1.2	0.8	2.6	3.3	0.03	0.02	0.09	0.11
Chewy candy	117	6.1	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.6	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02
Tablets and hard candy	11	0.6	1.7	0.7	3.3	4.6	0.04	0.02	0.10	0.14
Cocoa-based products	1011	52.3	0.9	0.5	1.8	2.5	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.05
Chewing gum	45	2.3	1.0	0.6	2.2	3.5	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.06
Cereal and energy bars	74	3.8	0.7	0.6	1.1	1.3	0.02	0.01	0.03	0.04
Sweet biscuits/cookies	1177	60.9	0.4	0.3	0.7	0.9	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts	4	0.2	0.5	0.4	0.8	0.9	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Dessert sauces	47	2.4	0.2	0.2	0.4	0.4	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02
Savoury sauces/dressings	960	49.7	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.7	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods	838	43.4	0.8	0.6	1.6	2.0	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.05
Savoury biscuits/crackers	187	9.7	0.2	0.1	0.4	0.5	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.01
Snacks	450	23.3	0.6	0.4	1.1	1.3	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Meat/fish-based products	27	1.4	1.6	1.3	2.4	2.9	0.03	0.02	0.07	0.09
Composite, miscellaneous foods	220	11.4	2.0	1.9	3.8	5.0	0.05	0.04	0.08	0.10
Spirits and liqueurs	175	9.1	1.6	1.0	3.2	4.5	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.06
All the above foods	1933	100.0	2.8	2.3	5.7	7.2	0.07	0.04	0.16	0.20

Notes: N, number of days on which food consumed.

Figures in italics = insufficient consumers to provide a reliable estimate of percentiles.

Table 8. Comparison of intake statistics from varying exposure periods.

	N	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile		Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Food item	14,093	1.5	1	3.4	4.8	g per item	0.04	0.02	0.09	0.13	g kg^–1 bw per item
Meal period	11,548	1.89	1.25	4.02	5.63	g per period	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.15	g kg^–1 bw per period
One day	6202	3.5	2.5	7.6	10.4	g day^–1	0.09	0.05	0.2	0.27	g kg^–1 bw day^–1
Four-day average	1933	2.82	2.28	5.67	7.18	g day^–1	0.07	0.04	0.16	0.2	g kg^–1 bw day^–1

Table 9. Intakes of total polyols associated with mealtimes broken out by age (g per period).

		Total polyol intake (g day^–1)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw day^–1)
Age band	N	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
1–2	705	1.3	1.0	3.0	3.6	0.10	0.08	0.22	0.28
3–9	2881	1.6	1.2	3.6	4.7	0.07	0.05	0.16	0.22
10–17	2552	2.2	1.5	4.9	7.1	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.13
18+	5410	2.0	1.2	4.4	6.0	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.08
All ages	11,548	1.9	1.3	4.0	5.6	0.05	0.03	0.11	0.15

Note: N, number of eating periods where food consumed.

Table 10. Intakes of total polyols associated with mealtimes subdivided by sweetener and non-sweetener application.

				Total polyol intake (g per period)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw per period)
Food category		N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Sweetener applications
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps		7	0.1	8.1	10.6	10.6	10.6	0.13	0.15	0.17	0.17
Edible ices		13	0.1	7.8	6.0	12.0	14.4	0.19	0.15	0.24	0.45
Tablets and hard candy		11	0.1	6.0	3.0	11.9	11.9	0.15	0.07	0.18	0.46
Cocoa-based products		107	0.9	8.0	8.1	10.4	10.8	0.13	0.12	0.21	0.29
Chewing gum		82	0.7	2.2	1.5	3.0	3.0	0.05	0.03	0.08	0.11
Sweet biscuits/cookies		6	0.1	12.3	10.5	15.8	18.4	0.25	0.24	0.36	0.41
Total sweetener		226	1.9	5.9	6.0	10.5	11.8	0.11	0.09	0.21	0.26
Miscellaneous applications
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps		2407	20.7	2.5	2.5	4.8	5.0	0.07	0.05	0.16	0.21
Edible ices		797	6.9	1.5	1.2	2.4	3.5	0.04	0.03	0.08	0.10
Jellies, marshmallows and gums		142	1.2	3.7	2.3	9.7	10.2	0.10	0.07	0.26	0.34
Chewy candy		148	1.3	0.6	0.4	1.2	1.8	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.06
Cocoa-based products		1987	17.1	1.4	1.1	2.3	2.9	0.03	0.02	0.07	0.08
Cereal and energy bars		123	1.1	1.6	1.6	1.9	1.9	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.11
Sweet biscuits/cookies		2830	24.4	0.6	0.5	1.0	1.3	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts		3	0.0	2.1	1.8	3.2	3.4	0.05	0.06	0.06	0.06
Dessert sauces		49	0.4	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06
Savoury sauces/dressings		1655	14.3	0.6	0.5	1.1	1.8	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods		1439	12.4	1.9	1.7	3.2	3.9	0.04	0.03	0.09	0.11
Savoury biscuits/crackers		296	2.6	0.5	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Snacks		735	6.3	1.4	1.3	2.0	2.5	0.03	0.03	0.07	0.08
Meat/fish-based products		31	0.3	5.3	5.3	8.2	10.2	0.10	0.08	0.19	0.25
Composite, miscellaneous foods		261	2.2	6.9	7.0	10.5	11.4	0.15	0.13	0.28	0.36
Spirits and liqueurs		402	3.5	2.8	1.8	5.5	7.4	0.04	0.02	0.08	0.10
Total miscellaneous		11,381	98.1	1.8	1.2	3.8	5.0	0.04	0.03	0.10	0.15

Notes: N, number of periods on which food consumed.

Figures in italics = insufficient consumers to provide a reliable estimate of percentiles.

Table 11. Intakes of total polyols associated with mealtimes using typical use levels.

			Total polyol intake (g per period)				Total polyol intake (g kg^–1 bw per period)
Food category	N	%	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile	Average	Median	90th %ile	95th %ile
Milk and milk-derivative-based preps	2414	20.9	1.0	1.0	1.9	2.0	0.03	0.02	0.06	0.09
Edible ices	810	7.0	0.8	0.6	1.2	1.8	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.05
Jellies, marshmallows and gums	142	1.2	0.7	0.5	1.9	2.0	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.07
Chewy candy	148	1.3	0.3	0.2	0.6	0.9	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Tablets and hard candy	11	0.1	5.9	2.9	11.6	11.6	0.15	0.07	0.18	0.45
Cocoa-based products	2090	18.1	1.0	0.6	1.4	3.9	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.07
Chewing gum	82	0.7	1.9	1.3	2.6	2.6	0.04	0.03	0.07	0.09
Cereal and energy bars	123	1.1	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.6	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Sweet biscuits/cookies	2836	24.6	0.3	0.2	0.5	0.7	0.01	0.00	0.01	0.02
Fruit- and vegetable-based desserts	3	0.0	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01
Dessert sauces	49	0.4	0.9	0.8	1.0	1.3	0.03	0.02	0.04	0.06
Savoury sauces/dressings	1655	14.3	0.6	0.5	1.1	1.8	0.01	0.01	0.03	0.04
Cakes – pastries and sweet goods	1439	12.5	0.9	0.8	1.6	2.0	0.02	0.02	0.04	0.06
Savoury biscuits/crackers	296	2.6	0.5	0.4	0.8	1.0	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.03
Snacks	735	6.4	0.3	0.3	0.4	0.5	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.02
Meat/fish-based products	31	0.3	1.0	1.0	1.5	1.9	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.05
Composite, miscellaneous foods	261	2.3	2.7	2.8	4.2	4.5	0.06	0.05	0.11	0.14
Spirits and liqueurs	402	3.5	1.4	0.9	2.8	3.7	0.02	0.01	0.04	0.05
All the above foods	11,548	100.0	0.9	0.6	1.9	2.6	0.02	0.01	0.05	0.07

Notes: N, number of meal periods on which food consumed.

Figures in italics = insufficient consumers to provide a reliable estimate of percentiles.