¹³⁷Caesium in samples of wild-grown Boletus edulis Bull. from Lucca province (Tuscany, Italy) and other Italian and European geographical areas

ABSTRACT

Samples of the edible mushroom Boletus edulis Bull. were studied to assess the risk for human health related to their content of the artificial radionuclide ¹³⁷Cs. Fresh B. edulis carpophores were collected in four undeveloped microhabitats of Lucca province (Tuscany, North-Central Italy). Dried non-cultivated samples coming from this same district and 11 other Italian provinces or European countries were instead purchased fromcommercial sources. Contents of ¹³⁷Cs, reported as Bq kg^‒1 dry weight (dw), were measured by γ-spectrometry. The radionuclide concentration varied depending on the gathering site in fresh samples, with 41.8 ± 5.2 Bq kg^‒1 dw at site 1 (Tosco-Emiliani Apennine) and four-fold less, 12.8 ± 1.3 Bq kg^‒1 dw, at site 2 (Apuan Alps). Moreover, fresh or dried carpophores from Lucca province displayed among the lowest ¹³⁷Cs contents in Europe. Average ¹³⁷Cs levels in all analysed samples were substantially below the legal threshold for edible mushrooms, 600 Bq kg^‒1 dw. Conclusively, we report that ¹³⁷Cs amounts in B. edulis depend on both the distance from the Chernobyl accident and multifactorial features of collection sites. We also show that the consumption of European B. edulis does not represent a major health risk with respect to ¹³⁷Cs radio contamination.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

KEYWORDS:

• Cs
• Boletus edulis
• source
• health risk
• consumers

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Tuscany Region Servizio Foreste e Patrimonio Agroforestale; Lucca province, the Regional Park of the Apuan Alps, cooperatives, the municipality police of Garfagnana, and the Forest Guards of the National Park Tosco-Emiliano. They also thank the precious contribution of mushroom-gatherers F. Frediani, G. Cardini and M. Lombardi for B. edulis collection.

Disclosure statement

No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Additional information

Funding

This work was an investigation entirely realised with academic financial support from the Department of Pharmacy of the University of Pisa.