The relationship between land use, socio-economic characteristics of inhabitants and travel demand in new towns – a case study of Hashtgerd New Town (Iran)

Figures & data

Table 1. Land use/accessibility elements on local and regional scales

	Land use
Geographic scale	Patterns	Examples	Accessibility
Local	Mixtures of uses on a town/neighbourhood scale	Grocery stores, shops, schools, local centres, etc.	– Bike/foot access
			– Proximity to daily needs
Regional	– Location of new town in relation to existing activity centres	Department stores, workplaces, universities, etc.	– Public transport systems
	– Concentration and variety of activities in nearby/distant towns and cities		– Distance to activity centres

Figure 1. Geographic location of Hashtgerd New Town in relation to other towns and cities. (a) Regional scale (Source: http://maps.google.com). (b) Middle scale: location of other towns around Hashtgerd New Town. Notes.

Figure 2. Middle scale: location of several villages around Hashtgerd New Town (PCE 2007).

Figure 3. Small scale: different phases of Hashtgerd New Town. Notes.

Figure 4. Hashtgerd New Town, phase 1. Notes.

Figure 5. Hashtgerd New Town, phase 2. Notes.

Figure 6. Hashtgerd New Town, phase 3. Notes.

Figure 7. Education level.

Figure 8. Intensity of influence of Tehran on its hinterland (Rezaii and Vusat 2011). Notes.

Table 2. Public transportation facilities in Hashtgerd New Town

Geographic scale	Origin–destination	Type	Number of vehicles
Large scale	Hashtgerd New Town–Tehran (Azadi Square)	Bus	10
	Hashtgerd New Town–urban railroad (metro) station (Karaj–Gholshahr)	Bus	10
		Taxi	27
Middle scale	Hashtgerd New Town (phase 1)–Old Hashtgerd	Taxi	70
	Hashtgerd New Town (phase 2)–Old Hashtgerd	Taxi	60
Small scale	Inner city (Hashtgerd New Town)	Taxi	35
		Mini-bus	10
Sources: PCE (2007) and Transportation Office of the Municipality of Hashtgerd New Town (2011).

Figure 9. Traffic intensity on the arteries connecting Tehran to its hinterland (TCTTS 2007).

Figure 10. Hinterland of Tehran based on time intervals (Rezaii and Vusat 2011). Notes.

Table 3. Male workplace destinations

Geographic scale		Frequency	Valid (%)^a	Total (%)
Small scale (Hashtgerd New Town)		30	19.7	19.7
Middle scale	Old Hashtgerd	24	15.8	28.9
	Old and New Hashtgerd	8	5.1
	Neighbouring towns and villages	12	8
Large scale	Tehran	33	21.7	35.6
	Karaj	10	6.6
	Qazvin	4	2.6
	More than one of these three cities	4	2.6
	Other cities	3	2.1
Unemployed or retired		24	15.8	15.8
Total				100
Note: ^a“Valid (%)” excludes all missing answers and uses only valid answers in the percentages.

Table 4. Children's education places

	First child			Second child			Third child			Fourth child			Mean
Geographic scale	Frequency	Valid (%)	Total	Frequency	Valid (%)	Total	Frequency	Valid (%)	Total	Frequency	Valid (%)	Total	Frequency	Valid (%)
Small scale (Hashtgerd New Town)	48	34.8	34.8	43	41.3	41.3	20	41.7	41.7	5	35.7	35.7	116	38.16
Middle scale
Old Hashtgerd	18	13	15.9	16	15.4	18.4	7	14.6	15.6	2	14.3	14.3	43	16.78
Old and New Hashtgerd	0	0		1	1		0	0		0	0		1
Neighbouring towns and villages	4	2.9		2	2		1	1		0	0		7
Large scale
Tehran	20	14.5	29	17	16.3	24	5	10.4	26	1	7.1	14.3	43	25.98
Karaj	5	3.6		5	4.8		0	0		0	0		10
Qazvin	7	5.1		2	1.9		3	6.2		1	7.2		13
More than one of these three cities	1	0.7		0	0		0	0		0	0		1
Other cities	7	5.1		1	1		4	9.4		0	0		12
Non-students	28	20.3	20.3	17	16.3	16.3	8	16.7	16.7	5	35.7	35.7	58	19.08
Total			100			100			100			100	304	100

Table 5. Daily shopping destinations

Geographic scale		Frequency	Valid (%)	Total (%)
Small scale (Hashtgerd New Town)		67	36.6	36.6
Middle scale	Old Hashtgerd	53	29	56.3
	Old and New Hashtgerd	48	26.1
	Neighbouring towns and villages	2	1.2
Large scale	Tehran	8	4.4	7.1
	Karaj	5	2.7
	Qazvin	0	0
	More than one of these three cities	0	0
	Other cities	0	0
None		0	0
Total				100

Table 6. Visits to/from relatives

Geographic scale		Frequency	Valid (%)	Total (%)
Small scale (Hashtgerd New Town)		8	4.4	4.4
Middle scale	Old Hashtgerd	7	3.9	16.1
	Old and New Hashtgerd	5	2.8
	Neighbouring towns and villages	17	9.4
Large scale	Tehran	43	23.9	79.5
	Karaj	20	11
	Qazvin	5	2.8
	More than one of these three cities	38	21.2
	Other cities	37	20.6
None		0	0	0
Total				100

Table 7. Leisure facilities

Geographic scale		Frequency	Valid (%)	Total (%)
Small scale (Hashtgerd New Town)		74	41.3	41.3
Middle scale	Old Hashtgerd	12	6.7	18.9
	Old and New Hashtgerd	9	5
	Neighbouring towns and villages	15	7.2
Large scale	Tehran	30	16.8	39.8
	Karaj	16	8.9
	Qazvin	2	1.1
	More than one of these three cities	16	9
	Other cities	7	4
None				0
Total				100

Table 8. Average number of weekly trips by family members to the main cities

Cities	Fathers	Mothers	First child	Second child	Third child	Average for all children (first, second, third)
Tehran	1.66	0.53	1.16	0.98	1.04	1.06
Karaj	1.12	0.43	0.67	0.50	0.16	0.44
Old Hashtgerd	2.98	1.65	1.47	1.56	1.28	1.43
Qazvin	0.25	0.03	0.18	0.12	0.25	0.18

Table 9. Vehicles used by each family member for daily trips

		Men (work)		Women (shopping)		Children (average for first, second and third child) (education)
Travel means		Valid (%)	Total	Valid (%)	Total	Valid (%)	Total
Private (car, motorcycle)	Car	45.2	50.3	14.6	15.2	10.92	13.22
	Motorcycle	4		0.6		1.95
	Combination	1.1		0		0.35
Private or semi-private, and public (combination of public, or semi-public transport and car or motorcycle)	Car and bus/mini-bus	1.1	30.4	0	47.2	0	42.48
	Taxi	19.7		34.2		28.26
	Taxi and car	0.6		2.2		1.62
	Taxi and motorcycle	0.6		0		0
	Car and metro	0.6		0		0
	Bus/mini-bus and taxi	1.1		3.4		3.27
	Metro and taxi	2.7		2.8		1.36
	Taxi and bicycle	0		0		0.27
	Combination	4		4.6		7.7
Public transport (bus, metro) and/or foot and/or bicycle	Bus/mini-bus	8.5	19.3	4.4	37.6	4.83	44.3
	Metro	3.4		3.4		6.73
	Foot	4.5		27		25.52
	Bicycle	0		0		2.9
	Combination	2.9		2.8		4.32
Total		100		100		100

Figure 11. Relationship between different factors affecting travel demand.

[PCE] Paykadeh Consulting Engineers, , 2007. Revision of Hashtgerd New Town comprehensive plan. Tehran, Iran: Iranian New Towns Development Corporation; 2007.

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Rezaii, R, and Vusat, EO., 2011. Study of Tehran megalopolis hinterland using time and gravity models, Town County Plan. 2 (3) (2011), pp. 5–28.

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http://trafficstudy.tehran.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=18069&language=en-US Last accessed 13Jun2011. , [TCTTS] Tehran Comprehensive Transportation & Traffic Studies Co. 2007. Tehran comprehensive plan of transportation and traffic [Internet]..

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