Influence of new fungicides – metiram and pyraclostrobin – on Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast growth and alcoholic fermentation course for wine production
Influencia de los nuevos fungicidas – metiram y piraclostrobín – en el crecimiento de la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae y en el curso de la fermentación alcohólica para la elaboración de vino

Figures & data

Supplementary Table 1. Chemical structure, group and properties, control on grapes, and mode of action of the fungicides studied (AERU, 2010; FRAC, 2007; Tomlin, 2003).
Tabla adicional 1. Estructura, grupo y propiedades químicas, plaga en uvas tratada, y modo de acción de los fungicidas estudiados (AERU, 2010; FRAC, 2007; Tomlin, 2003).

	Metiram	Pyraclostrobin
CAS number	9006-42-2	175013-18-0
Chemical structure
Molecular formula	(C16H33N11S16Zn3)x	C19H18ClO4
Chemical group	Dithiocarbamate	Strobilurin
Molecular weight (g/mol)	(1088.6)x	387.82
Water solubility at 20°C (mg/L)	2	1.9
Log Kow at pH = 7 and 20°C	1.76	3.99
Control on grapes	Downy mildew	Downy mildew/powdery mildew
Plant behavior	Contact with protective action	Systemic with protective and curative action
Mode of action (FRAC)	Multi-site inhibitor (M group)	Mitochondrial respiration inhibitor (C3 group)

Supplementary Table 2. Fungicide concentrations evaluated in the alcoholic fermentation assays of S. cerevisiae.

Tabla adicional 2. Concentraciones de fungicida estudiadas en los ensayos de fermentación con S. cerevisiae.

Experiment	Metiram (mg/L)	Pyraclostrobin (mg/L)	Cabrio Top (mg/L)
1	2	–	–
2	5	–	–
3	22	–	–
4	55	–	–
5	110	–	–
6	–	0.18	–
7	–	0.45	–
8	–	2	–
9	–	5	–
10	–	10	–
11	2	0.18	–
12	5	0.45	–
13	22	2	–
14	55	5	–
15	110	10	–
16	(2)	(0.18)	3.6
17	(5)	(0.45)	9.1
18	(22)	(2)	40
19	(55)	(5)	100
20	(110)	(10)	200
21 (control)	–	–	–
Note: Theoretical fungicide concentrations. Nota: () Teórica fungicida concentraciones.

Supplementary Figure 1. Time course of glucose consumption (

,

,

), and biomass (

,

,

), glycerol (

,

,

), and ethanol (

,

,

) production during alcoholic fermentation of a synthetic medium with S. cerevisiae, in absence (bold) and in presence of metiram residues (2 and 110 mg/L), respectively.

Figura adicional 1. Evolución del consumo de glucosa (

,

,

) y de la producción de biomasa (

,

,

), glicerol (

,

,

) y etanol (

,

,

) durante la fermentación alcohólica de un medio sintético con Saccharomyces cerevisiae, en ausencia (símbolos llenos) y en presencia de residuos de metiram (2 y 110 mg/L), respectivamente.

Supplementary Figure 2. Time course of glucose consumption (

,

,

), and biomass (

,

,

), glycerol (

,

,

), and ethanol (

,

,

) production during alcoholic fermentation of a synthetic medium with S. cerevisiae, in absence (bold) and in presence of pyraclostrobin residues (0.18 and 10 mg/L), respectively.

Figura adicional 2. Evolución del consumo de glucosa (

,

,

) y de la producción de biomasa (

,

,

), glicerol (

,

,

) y etanol (

,

,

) durante la fermentación alcohólica de un medio sintético con Saccharomyces cerevisiae, en ausencia (símbolos llenos) y en presencia de residuos de pyraclostrobin (0,18 y 10 mg/L), respectivamente.

Supplementary Figure 3. Time course of glucose consumption (

,

,

), and biomass (

,

,

), glycerol (

,

,

), and ethanol (

,

,

) production during alcoholic fermentation of a synthetic medium with S. cerevisiae, in absence (bold) and in presence of metiram + pyraclostrobin residues (2 + 0.18 and 110 + 10 mg/L), respectively.

Figura adicional 3. Evolución del consumo de glucosa (

,

,

) y de la producción de biomasa (

,

,

), glicerol (

,

,

) y etanol (

,

,

) durante la fermentación alcohólica de un medio sintético con Saccharomyces cerevisiae, en ausencia (símbolos llenos) y en presencia de residuos de metiram + pyraclostrobin (2 + 0.18 y 110 + 10 mg/L), respectivamente.

Supplementary Figure 4. Time course of glucose consumption (

,

,

), and biomass (

,

,

), glycerol (

,

,

), and ethanol (

,

,

) production during alcoholic fermentation of a synthetic medium with S. cerevisiae, in absence (bold) and in presence of Cabrio Top [3,6 (2 + 0.18) and 40 (22 + 2) mg/L], respectively.

Figura adicional 4. Evolución del consumo de glucosa (

,

,

) y de la producción de biomasa (

,

,

), glicerol (

,

,

) y etanol (

,

,

) durante la fermentación alcohólica de un medio sintético con Saccharomyces cerevisiae, en ausencia (símbolos llenos) y en presencia de Cabrio Top [3,6 (2 + 0,18) y 40 (22 + 2) mg/L], respectivamente.

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