Multi-residue analysis of 203 pesticides in strawberries by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in combination with the QuEChERS method

Figures & data

Table 1. Pesticides with low recoveries when using cleanup 1–4 at 0.1 mg kg⁻¹ fortification level.

Tabla 1. Pesticidas que mostraron bajas recuperaciones al utilizarse las limpiezas 1–4 a un nivel de fortificación de 0.1 mg kg^−1.

Pesticides	Chemical group	Recovery (%)
		Cleanup 1	Cleanup 2	Cleanup 3	Cleanup 4	Cleanup 5
Azimsulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	59.9	63.5	45.8	24.6	87.9
Carbendazim	Benzimidazole fungicide	51.3	72.4	7.6	3.6	95.5
Chlorsulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	44.2	49.3	47.8	30.3	75.5
Ethoxysulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	45.3	54.0	9.2	3.0	89.3
Flucetosulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	55.4	69.2	41.3	22.0	84.2
Halosulfuron-methyl	Sulfonyl herbicide	44.7	57.4	58.9	27.9	74.6
Imazosulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	52.2	59.7	31.2	15.3	85.7
Metazosulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	34.2	43.0	52.1	18.6	87.0
Nicosulfuron	Sulfonyl herbicide	32.9	37.3	28.2	12.6	79.5
Quinmerac	Quinolinecarboxylic acid herbicide	3.9	4.9	10.0	3.6	58.1
Thifensulfuron-methyl	Sulfonyl herbicide	48.6	57.4	48.8	28.5	83.0

QuEChERS extraction was carried out using the AOAC (6 g MgSO₄, and 1.5 g sodium acetate) extraction kit and cleanup was performed using cleanup 1 (50 mg PSA), cleanup 2 (50 mg PSA +50 mg C₁₈), cleanup 3 (50 mg PSA + 50 mg GCB), cleanup 4 (50 mg PSA +50 mg C₁₈ + 50 mg GCB), or cleanup 5 (50 mg C₁₈).

La extracción de QuEChERS se realizó con el kit de extracción AOAC (6 g de MgSO₄ y 1.5 g de acetato de sodio) y su limpieza se realizó empleando limpieza 1 (50 mg de PSA), limpieza 2 (50 mg de PSA +50 mg C₁₈), limpieza 3 (50 mg PSA + 50 mg GCB), limpieza 4 (50 mg PSA +50 mg C₁₈ + 50 mg GCB), o limpieza 5 (50 mg C₁₈).

Figure 1. MRM chromatograms of 203 pesticides under the optimized LC-MS/MS conditions.

Figura 1. Cromatogramas MRM de 203 pesticidas en condiciones optimizadas de LC-MS/MS.

Figure 2. LC-MS/MS recoveries for various clean-up procedures at a spiking level of 0.1 mg kg⁻¹. Cleanup 1 (50 mg PSA, and 150 mg MgSO₄), Cleanup 2 (50 mg C₁₈, 50 mg PSA, and 150 mg MgSO₄), Cleanup 3 (50 mg GCB, 50 mg PSA, and 150 mg MgSO₄), Cleanup 4 (50 mg C₁₈, 50 mg GCB, 50 mg PSA, and 150 mg MgSO₄), and Cleanup 5 (50 mg C₁₈ and 150 mg MgSO₄).

Figura 2. Recuperaciones de LC-MS/MS para diversos procedimientos de limpieza a un nivel de pico de 0.1 mg kg⁻¹. Limpieza 1 (50 mg de PSA y 150 mg de MgSO₄), limpieza 2 (50 mg de C₁₈, 50 mg de PSA y 150 mg de MgSO₄), limpieza 3 (50 mg de GCB, 50 mg de PSA y 150 mg de MgSO₄), limpieza 4 (50 mg de C₁₈, 50 mg de GCB, 50 mg de PSA y 150 mg de MgSO₄), y limpieza 5 (50 mg de C₁₈ y 150 mg de MgSO₄).

Table 2. MRLs and method validation data of selected 203 pesticides in strawberry using C₁₈ cleanup method with LC-MS/MS.

Tabla 2. LMR y datos de validación del método para 203 pesticidas detectados en fresa usando el método de limpieza C₁₈ con LC-MS/MS.

						Recovery (%)			Repeatability, %RSD			Reproducibility, %RSD
						mg kg^−1			mg kg^−1			mg kg^−1
Pesticides	Korea-MRL (mg kg^−1)	EU-MRL (mg kg^−1)	Linearity (R^2)	LOD (mg kg^−1)	LOQ (mg kg^−1)	0.01	0.05	0.1	0.01	0.05	0.1	0.01	0.05	0.1
Acetamiprid	1	0.5	0.9980	0.003	0.01	94.9	90.9	91.2	2.9	3.1	2.1	3.2	0.4	3.4
Aldicarb	0.01*	0.02^c	0.9990	0.001	0.004	84.3	83.5	85.2	0.3	2.5	4.0	2.8	3.1	3.1
Amisulbrom	2	0.01	0.9997	0.001	0.002	81.0	86.4	84.6	6.7	3.1	0.5	10.3	5.2	6.6
Azimsulfuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9999	0.001	0.004	85.4	77.4	87.9	3.7	8.0	2.3	9.1	2.9	6.6
Azinphos-methyl	0.3	0.05	0.9997	0.001	0.004	83.7	84.6	88.4	2.8	3.7	1.1	2.5	1.4	4.8
Azoxystrobin	1	10	0.9971	0.001	0.002	76.7	78.6	83.2	6.0	2.4	7.3	5.8	2.0	4.8
Bendiocarb	0.01*	NA	0.9980	0.001	0.002	87.7	86.9	87.8	1.5	2.4	2.5	3.1	1.4	1.8
Bensulfuron-methyl	0.01*	0.01	0.9989	0.001	0.004	75.7	78.7	87.9	1.4	2.2	3.0	2.7	1.5	12.1
Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl	0.3	0.01	0.9989	0.001	0.003	87.1	86.8	87.5	3.8	0.8	5.1	1.5	2.4	2.5
Benzobicyclon	0.01*	NA	0.9998	0.001	0.003	83.7	89.0	88.1	3.2	2.4	0.3	2.6	3.1	1.7
Benzoximate	0.01*	NA	0.9987	0.002	0.008	85.5	84.9	96.3	2.8	6.1	5.4	13.6	10.3	5.9
Bitertanol	1	0.01	0.9976	0.001	0.005	88.9	83.8	85.5	1.4	3.9	3.9	9.9	11.0	9.5
Boscalid	5	6	0.9989	0.002	0.005	87.5	87.1	89.9	1.5	2.4	0.4	2.4	1.4	1.0
Bromacil	0.01*	NA	0.9993	0.001	0.003	85.3	87.6	87.8	2.5	1.8	2.6	3.2	2.8	1.1
Buprofezin	0.01*	0.01	0.9962	0.001	0.004	85.4	81.6	76.9	1.0	3.4	6.3	6.1	6.2	5.3
Cadusafos	0.07	0.01	0.9999	0.002	0.007	94.6	83.7	95.3	5.3	3.1	2.2	11.5	7.5	3.4
Cafenstrole	0.01*	NA	0.9974	0.001	0.003	83.1	84.2	86.2	8.2	3.6	3.3	2.7	1.2	1.9
Carbaryl	0.5	0.01	0.9983	0.001	0.003	84.3	88.0	87.6	1.7	0.7	2.3	1.8	1.3	1.4
Carbendazim	2	0.1	0.9998	0.001	0.002	86.6	89.9	95.5	6.6	6.7	3.6	14.4	11.9	12.3
Carbofuran	0.1	0.005	0.9950	0.001	0.004	86.4	83.5	89.2	1.1	3.0	1.2	0.7	1.2	2.3
Carboxin	0.01*	0.03	0.9973	0.001	0.002	84.5	83.8	86.3	5.9	3.3	3.5	0.5	0.9	3.0
Carfentrazone-ethyl	0.01*	0.01	0.9970	0.001	0.005	83.8	84.5	88.4	6.0	3.4	1.4	1.7	4.4	10.7
Carpropamide	0.01*	NA	0.9991	0.003	0.01	89.1	80.6	103.3	5.0	1.8	3.9	3.8	8.0	7.0
Chlorpyrifos	0.3	0.3	0.9966	0.005	0.01	90.3	84.0	87.0	5.5	5.4	7.6	4.8	5.0	7.6
Chlorsulfuron	0.01*	0.05	0.9999	0.002	0.005	81.6	75.4	75.5	0.7	6.2	3.8	6.4	2.0	4.8
Chromafenozide	0.01*	NA	0.9999	0.001	0.002	83.9	85.6	89.2	2.9	2.8	5.1	3.6	2.7	6.9
Clethodim	0.05	0.5	0.9972	0.001	0.004	92.2	83.6	85.1	5.6	3.6	9.4	8.0	3.1	3.2
Clothianidin	0.5	0.02	0.9995	0.001	0.004	84.8	79.3	79.1	2.7	6.6	5.6	3.5	2.7	4.9
Cyazofamid	0.2	0.01	0.9999	0.001	0.002	84.0	85.9	88.6	5.5	1.5	0.4	2.2	2.6	3.5
Cyclosulfamurom	0.01*	NA	0.9999	0.001	0.002	88.8	86.2	89.4	4.8	2.0	3.9	3.1	3.4	1.2
Cyflufenamid	0.5	0.04	0.9995	0.002	0.006	91.2	83.4	97.7	5.7	1.5	3.0	7.5	6.8	7.5
Cyhalofop-butyl	0.01*	0.02	0.9989	0.003	0.009	79.8	81.3	88.9	4.4	3.4	4.6	13.5	8.7	8.7
Cymoxanil	0.5	0.01	0.9986	0.001	0.005	86.4	85.7	84.7	5.0	2.8	1.2	2.2	1.4	2.8
Cyproconazole(1)	0.01*	0.05	0.9986	0.001	0.003	88.9	85.3	89.1	3.4	1.6	0.4	2.7	1.7	1.7
Cyproconazole(2)	0.01*	0.05	0.9998	0.001	0.003	82.8	85.6	87.8	4.4	3.3	3.6	4.2	1.2	2.3
Daimuron	0.01*	NA	0.9958	0.001	0.005	86.9	84.3	91.5	3.3	1.7	0.1	3.0	1.5	2.2
Demeton-S-Methyl	0.01*	NA	0.9990	0.001	0.002	83.5	83.7	82.3	2.1	1.4	6.3	5.4	4.2	5.4
Diazinon	0.01*	0.01	0.9997	0.001	0.002	90.2	82.8	89.0	6.9	6.1	2.4	3.7	5.2	9.5
Diethofencarb	5	0.01	0.9989	0.001	0.005	88.5	86.0	87.0	1.0	0.5	0.8	4.3	1.8	1.2
Diflubenzuron	2	0.01	0.9995	0.002	0.005	86.3	84.7	87.3	5.7	4.4	1.2	1.1	0.8	2.0
Dimepiperate	0.01*	NA	0.9956	0.002	0.006	71.6	78.5	94.0	8.4	5.7	2.2	1.7	12.1	7.3
Dimethametryn	0.01*	NA	0.9969	0.002	0.006	79.6	79.6	84.4	5.6	5.4	6.2	1.4	2.1	3.4
Dimethenamide	0.01*	0.01	0.9979	0.001	0.005	88.5	86.0	87.5	0.7	0.9	3.2	1.8	1.2	1.4
Dimethomorph(E)	2	0.7	0.9992	0.001	0.004	88.0	83.8	86.3	0.4	3.7	2.9	4.0	1.8	2.1
Dimethomorph(z)	2	0.7	0.9993	0.001	0.004	92.6	84.9	88.0	1.3	3.7	1.4	2.3	3.0	2.9
Diniconazole	0.01*	0.01	0.9978	0.001	0.003	87.9	78.1	89.1	4.4	1.2	4.1	9.2	12.5	13.0
Dinotefuran	2	NA	0.9995	0.002	0.006	87.7	85.6	84.1	0.1	4.4	0.1	1.4	2.0	0.8
Diphenamid	0.01*	NA	0.9968	0.001	0.004	85.4	82.4	85.6	1.7	1.2	2.0	1.5	3.0	2.1
Dithiopyr	0.01*	NA	0.9963	0.001	0.002	85.8	89.6	88.4	5.0	4.2	11.7	3.8	3.3	3.1
Diuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9989	0.002	0.005	84.8	84.7	86.4	1.2	1.3	2.1	1.6	0.8	1.3
Edifenphos	0.01*	NA	0.9980	0.001	0.002	85.1	85.5	88.3	4.5	6.1	9.4	2.7	3.0	6.1
Esprocarb	0.01*	NA	0.9979	0.001	0.003	78.1	82.7	81.9	0.4	3.4	4.8	5.2	5.8	2.7
Ethaboxam	0.01*	NA	0.9991	0.001	0.002	89.4	83.9	90.0	2.5	4.4	4.1	4.9	3.3	4.3
Ethiofencarb	5	NA	0.9974	0.001	0.004	86.8	85.2	86.4	2.4	2.2	3.7	1.6	0.4	2.0
Ethoprophos	0.02	0.02	0.9999	0.001	0.005	87.1	86.5	87.7	9.8	3.0	2.1	2.6	1.0	1.6
Ethoxysulfuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.001	0.003	88.7	85.2	89.3	0.6	1.0	2.4	13.6	13.2	8.2
Etoxazole	0.5	0.2	0.9969	0.001	0.004	80.9	82.5	83.8	1.3	1.5	0.1	4.8	3.1	5.3
Etrimfos	0.01*	NA	0.9979	0.001	0.002	86.4	87.0	92.8	10.8	5.2	7.0	1.7	3.7	6.4
Famoxadone	0.01*	0.01	0.9972	0.001	0.003	89.9	82.7	87.4	10.1	5.8	12.5	3.5	3.8	5.3
Fenamiphos	0.2	0.02	0.9999	0.002	0.005	86.4	85.6	87.0	8.6	13.6	3.8	1.9	1.7	1.4
Fenarimol	1	0.3	0.9991	0.001	0.002	83.0	83.2	86.3	2.9	5.0	6.8	3.5	2.1	4.6
Fenazaquin	0.7	1	0.9997	0.002	0.006	85.0	82.8	82.2	3.9	3.9	1.4	6.1	2.7	2.9
Fenbuconazole	0.5	0.05	0.9998	0.001	0.004	82.1	82.3	88.4	8.3	7.7	4.0	3.2	2.0	3.4
Fenhexamid	2	10	0.9999	0.001	0.002	85.2	82.6	85.6	9.0	8.6	2.7	2.3	3.1	3.5
Fenobucarb	0.01*	NA	0.9989	0.001	0.002	86.9	87.3	88.9	2.1	1.3	2.2	1.9	1.0	1.3
Fenoxaprop-ethyl	0.01*	NA	0.9984	0.001	0.004	85.7	87.2	85.1	0.1	0.6	2.4	5.7	6.1	5.2
Fenoxycarb	0.01*	0.05	0.9963	0.001	0.003	82.0	82.5	90.2	8.7	7.3	4.5	4.2	5.0	6.2
Fenpyroximate	0.5	0.3	0.9997	0.002	0.005	86.0	92.0	92.0	2.8	1.4	1.5	5.2	1.6	4.9
Fentrazamide	0.01*	NA	0.9995	0.001	0.002	92.1	83.9	90.6	48.1	0.5	6.5	4.6	5.7	12.1
Ferimzone(E)	0.01*	NA	0.9997	0.001	0.002	86.6	82.8	80.5	10.8	3.5	6.5	5.1	4.8	5.2
Ferimzone(z)	0.01*	NA	0.9996	0.001	0.004	77.3	80.4	81.4	8.2	0.4	6.7	7.4	4.2	4.9
Fluacrypyrim	0.01*	NA	0.9999	0.001	0.002	90.9	79.4	101.5	6.9	8.0	11.4	13.9	11.0	9.2
Flubendiamide	1	0.2	0.9973	0.001	0.002	99.7	77.8	98.4	6.0	6.8	5.9	8.8	12.4	3.5
Flucetosulfuron	0.01*	NA	0.9999	0.001	0.002	84.9	77.0	84.2	1.5	1.7	4.1	6.8	9.5	3.1
Fludioxonil	2	4	0.9999	0.003	0.01	99.4	89.3	90.5	0.5	2.1	3.1	3.9	3.4	1.5
Flufenacet	0.01*	0.05	0.9964	0.001	0.002	86.9	88.3	90.5	8.2	6.3	3.9	1.5	1.8	2.7
Flufenoxuron	0.3	0.05	0.9998	0.001	0.002	84.2	88.5	91.4	4.2	2.7	0.9	5.4	4.4	6.3
Fluopicolide	0.01*	0.01	0.9990	0.001	0.002	86.3	85.4	89.1	1.1	0.8	0.2	2.7	1.6	2.3
Fluquinconazole	0.5	0.05	0.9998	0.001	0.002	83.2	86.7	88.9	4.1	4.5	2.1	3.3	1.9	1.8
Flusilazole	0.5	0.01	0.9972	0.001	0.002	85.1	85.2	87.2	8.6	0.5	8.4	2.9	2.2	1.8
Flutolanil	5	0.01	0.9998	0.002	0.005	88.2	89.6	89.5	0.1	0.1	1.9	2.3	1.9	0.9
Fluxapyroxad	2	4	0.9953	0.001	0.002	84.6	92.6	94.2	2.6	2.0	4.0	4.4	1.8	6.8
Forchlorfenuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9988	0.002	0.005	91.8	83.3	88.3	1.6	3.4	0.4	9.9	2.6	3.8
Fosthiazate	0.05	0.02	0.9990	0.001	0.003	82.9	85.7	87.8	0.4	2.0	3.7	2.4	2.0	2.4
Furathiocarb	0.1	NA	0.9990	0.002	0.006	87.0	82.6	85.4	2.4	3.7	3.2	7.0	6.2	3.8
Halosulfuron-methyl	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.002	0.008	69.2	71.5	74.6	3.6	4.6	0.5	7.2	6.9	3.8
Haloxyfop	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.001	0.002	85.6	85.4	87.1	2.0	1.2	0.7	7.0	7.0	3.8
Hexaconazole	0.3	0.01	0.9993	0.001	0.005	87.7	83.5	88.6	1.9	3.3	7.9	3.7	5.0	9.2
Hexaflumuron	0.01*	NA	0.9978	0.002	0.005	88.2	85.9	89.1	3.8	2.9	7.1	3.1	2.5	4.8
Hexazinone	0.01*	NA	0.9966	0.001	0.002	86.6	83.9	85.4	4.7	0.1	2.0	2.5	2.1	2.3
Hexythiazox	1	0.5	0.9992	0.001	0.002	80.5	80.1	85.5	6.1	3.1	2.2	4.6	4.8	5.6
Imazalil	2	0.05	0.9999	0.002	0.005	80.2	81.4	81.9	3.6	2.8	4.8	2.3	1.3	2.2
Imazosulfuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.001	0.003	92.7	85.5	85.7	3.9	2.2	0.7	4.5	4.2	3.8
Imicyafos	0.05	NA	0.9974	0.001	0.004	86.5	86.2	87.6	2.1	0.6	0.3	1.7	1.9	2.2
Imidacloprid	0.4	0.5	0.9999	0.001	0.004	83.5	78.7	76.3	2.7	5.0	5.5	3.3	3.5	4.6
Inabenfide	0.01*	NA	0.9988	0.001	0.003	88.6	86.9	90.1	1.3	4.7	9.4	4.1	5.0	2.7
Iprobenfos	0.01*	NA	0.9991	0.001	0.003	83.3	82.9	88.1	8.3	1.3	2.7	1.6	1.3	3.4
Iprovalicarb	0.01*	0.01	0.9969	0.003	0.009	78.7	84.7	89.4	6.1	5.5	7.2	4.7	3.7	3.9
Isoprocarb	0.01*	NA	0.9988	0.002	0.005	87.8	87.9	88.4	2.4	1.2	0.2	1.4	1.3	2.8
Isoprothiolane	0.01*	0.01	0.9997	0.002	0.005	87.5	88.4	91.7	1.1	0.7	1.6	3.3	1.9	2.3
Isopyrazam	0.5	0.01	0.9981	0.002	0.005	89.1	81.8	89.3	8.4	4.5	8.4	8.1	7.8	7.7
Kresoxim-methyl	2	1.5	0.9998	0.004	0.01	99.7	77.0	100.5	10.5	8.4	7.0	5.6	10.4	11.4
Linuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9997	0.001	0.002	87.8	87.0	91.0	5.5	0.5	0.6	4.9	1.6	3.6
Lufenuron	0.5	0.01	0.9992	0.001	0.003	88.8	86.5	85.3	2.3	2.4	4.1	3.9	5.6	6.8
Malathion	0.5	0.02	0.9987	0.001	0.004	92.1	86.4	91.1	2.7	0.0	1.9	2.2	1.3	2.4
Mandipropamid	0.1	0.01	0.9989	0.001	0.002	83.9	87.1	90.9	0.8	0.6	1.8	3.1	2.3	3.4
Mefenacet	0.01*	NA	0.9991	0.001	0.002	83.4	85.2	87.8	2.4	2.9	3.4	3.2	2.7	1.3
Mepanipyrim	3	3	0.9991	0.001	0.002	83.4	83.5	87.9	3.3	1.4	2.4	2.0	1.8	5.2
Mepronil	0.01*	0.01	0.9981	0.001	0.005	84.7	85.4	87.5	0.3	1.0	1.6	1.6	0.6	1.0
Metalaxyl	0.2	0.6	0.9987	0.001	0.003	86.9	86.3	84.6	1.0	3.9	2.1	1.3	2.2	1.1
Metamifop	0.01*	NA	0.9999	0.001	0.004	90.7	87.8	90.6	4.2	4.0	6.5	4.4	8.4	5.5
Metazosulfuron	0.01*	NA	0.9998	0.002	0.006	79.2	76.9	87.0	6.6	5.9	1.5	9.5	11.7	5.0
Metconazole	1	0.02	0.9979	0.001	0.002	92.2	80.9	90.1	8.9	9.8	4.8	7.1	8.9	12.7
Methabenzthiazuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9987	0.002	0.005	86.3	86.4	86.4	2.2	2.2	1.3	2.1	2.9	1.3
Methiocarb	0.01*	1	0.9987	0.001	0.002	81.5	85.3	88.5	0.8	2.1	0.1	2.9	2.6	1.9
Methomyl	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.001	0.002	80.2	78.9	75.1	1.4	3.7	3.6	4.0	3.1	5.9
Methoxyfenozide	0.7	2	0.9984	0.001	0.002	84.2	86.9	88.3	5.3	0.2	4.5	2.2	2.9	2.9
Metobromuron	0.01*	NA	0.9997	0.001	0.003	87.8	84.5	87.6	1.3	2.2	2.6	2.1	1.3	1.2
Metolcarb	0.01*	NA	0.9984	0.001	0.005	87.9	86.4	88.0	3.0	1.9	0.1	2.0	1.8	2.6
Metrafenone	5	0.6	0.9989	0.002	0.006	88.2	82.9	89.0	6.1	12.9	1.1	7.9	7.7	10.2
Mevinphos	1	0.01	0.9990	0.001	0.004	91.5	85.9	87.3	3.5	2.8	2.3	2.6	2.0	1.7
Molinate	0.01*	0.01	0.9999	0.001	0.004	86.4	87.7	90.1	2.6	0.2	3.7	2.9	2.6	2.3
Monocrotophos	0.01*	0.01	0.9995	0.001	0.003	79.0	79.3	76.2	2.3	4.7	2.6	2.4	2.8	6.6
Myclobutanil	1	1	0.9999	0.001	0.005	89.8	84.9	86.7	4.0	3.3	6.7	3.6	3.2	2.7
Napropamide	0.05	0.2	0.9999	0.002	0.005	84.4	83.5	86.7	1.1	0.8	3.7	2.0	1.4	1.3
Nicosulfuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9989	0.002	0.005	77.7	80.0	79.5	1.1	1.1	3.0	7.1	6.9	5.8
Novaluron	1	0.5	0.9987	0.002	0.007	88.2	87.1	87.3	1.2	2.8	0.9	9.2	4.2	6.4
Nuarimol	0.01*	NA	0.9988	0.001	0.002	81.9	85.9	87.0	2.5	1.9	1.8	4.3	3.1	2.0
Ofurace	0.01*	NA	0.9988	0.001	0.004	80.6	82.1	87.7	2.4	0.1	1.6	4.2	3.9	2.2
Omethoate	0.01	0.01	0.9993	0.001	0.002	92.1	70.1	78.4	2.7	9.0	7.4	8.2	4.9	5.5
Oxadiazon	0.01*	0.05	0.9989	0.001	0.003	78.0	79.3	81.0	6.2	3.2	4.4	4.1	5.6	7.2
Oxadixyl	0.01*	0.01	0.9992	0.001	0.002	86.5	84.1	84.2	4.1	3.2	2.8	2.7	1.1	3.5
Oxamyl	2	0.01	0.9997	0.001	0.003	81.3	81.8	78.8	3.3	4.9	1.9	3.8	1.9	4.6
Oxaziclomefone	0.01*	NA	0.9993	0.001	0.002	86.4	80.5	82.8	2.6	2.7	3.9	6.3	8.9	5.5
Paclobutrazol	0.01*	0.01	0.9967	0.002	0.005	93.8	85.8	86.3	4.4	2.3	2.5	7.2	3.5	4.2
Penconazole	0.5	0.5	0.9995	0.002	0.005	86.5	85.0	87.1	1.6	3.4	0.6	1.8	0.8	1.4
Pencycuron	2	0.05	0.9987	0.003	0.01	81.9	79.9	102.4	3.3	5.5	7.4	11.5	9.8	4.4
Penoxsulam	0.01*	0.01	0.9989	0.002	0.005	80.6	78.4	85.8	0.4	4.7	6.4	2.1	1.0	10.9
Pentoxzone	0.01*	NA	0.9987	0.001	0.002	94.7	83.2	85.2	3.9	2.3	6.1	5.7	6.4	7.1
Phenthoate	0.01*	NA	0.9999	0.001	0.002	82.5	84.7	85.2	11.1	8.5	1.1	3.2	1.7	2.0
Phosphamidon	0.2	0.01	0.9969	0.001	0.003	82.7	80.6	79.9	0.1	4.4	2.1	3.6	2.1	2.8
Phoxim	0.01*	0.01	0.9972	0.001	0.003	86.6	88.8	89.1	5.7	10.1	2.0	3.0	2.9	3.3
Piperophos	0.01*	NA	0.9980	0.002	0.005	88.0	80.8	87.6	3.6	5.0	2.8	8.9	11.6	5.7
Pirimiphos-methyl	1	0.01	0.9973	0.001	0.003	85.1	83.8	88.8	7.1	1.6	3.4	7.7	6.5	7.7
Probenazole	0.01*	NA	0.9988	0.001	0.005	86.2	84.8	87.2	2.9	0.4	0.7	2.4	1.6	2.7
Profenofos	0.01*	0.01	0.9988	0.001	0.002	85.4	87.7	87.4	1.9	1.3	1.0	5.3	6.2	3.1
Propamocarb	0.1	0.01	0.9980	0.001	0.005	97.6	87.6	87.2	2.8	10.4	13.9	13.2	11.0	12.1
Propanil	0.01*	0.01	0.9993	0.002	0.005	86.7	83.8	86.4	3.5	2.6	2.4	5.8	1.7	0.8
Propaquizafop	0.01*	0.05	0.9994	0.002	0.005	84.6	82.7	80.7	0.1	5.2	7.2	6.0	7.4	5.6
Propoxur	0.01*	0.05	0.9971	0.001	0.003	90.6	86.6	87.5	2.0	3.4	3.2	1.6	1.6	1.1
Pyraclofos	0.01*	NA	0.9983	0.001	0.005	86.3	83.4	87.8	8.0	6.5	2.1	6.4	7.1	3.5
Pyraclostrobin	1	1.5	0.9995	0.001	0.004	83.1	80.1	79.0	5.3	4.0	3.2	4.4	7.9	7.2
Pyrazolate	0.01*	NA	0.9996	0.001	0.003	78.4	71.5	86.4	2.5	6.2	2.1	9.9	9.4	6.4
Pyrazophos	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.001	0.004	88.1	85.2	87.6	8.7	4.4	0.9	5.7	6.3	6.8
Pyribenzoxim	0.01*	NA	0.9988	0.001	0.002	75.3	80.1	76.1	1.7	6.5	3.5	7.3	7.7	5.4
Pyributicarb	0.01*	NA	0.9989	0.001	0.002	78.5	79.1	80.4	0.4	2.7	2.5	6.4	5.3	5.6
Pyridaben	1	0.9	0.9970	0.001	0.004	84.8	86.1	85.8	4.1	0.5	4.3	4.1	1.3	3.2
Pyridaphenthion	0.01*	NA	0.9984	0.001	0.002	86.2	85.6	86.8	2.0	3.8	2.9	1.9	2.0	2.6
Pyrifluquinazon	0.01*	NA	0.9995	0.001	0.004	86.3	87.1	89.9	2.3	6.3	1.4	0.8	1.2	3.3
Pyriftalid	0.01*	NA	0.9975	0.001	0.005	85.6	83.9	85.0	3.1	3.1	2.5	3.9	2.3	2.7
Pyrimethanil	3	5	0.9959	0.001	0.002	93.8	88.8	88.9	10.0	2.9	1.9	3.1	2.6	3.2
Pyrimidifen	0.01*	NA	0.9971	0.002	0.005	75.8	82.9	83.4	0.1	9.6	7.4	7.6	7.2	5.1
Pyriminobac-methyl(E)	0.01*	NA	0.9979	0.001	0.004	82.1	84.0	87.6	0.1	2.4	3.4	2.9	2.2	1.9
Pyriminobac-methyl(Z)	0.01*	NA	0.9992	0.001	0.004	86.6	86.1	87.2	3.2	3.5	5.1	2.6	1.4	2.7
Pyrimisulfan	0.01*	NA	0.9992	0.002	0.005	82.0	83.6	85.8	1.6	3.9	1.7	4.8	1.7	4.5
Pyriproxyfen	1	0.05	0.9980	0.001	0.005	84.6	83.8	82.3	0.3	3.3	2.0	6.1	3.9	6.0
Pyroquilon	0.01*	NA	0.9981	0.001	0.005	87.0	84.8	86.2	1.9	2.8	0.4	2.4	2.6	2.4
Quinalphos	0.01*	0.01	0.9998	0.001	0.002	85.6	85.3	87.2	3.7	3.3	0.4	2.9	2.0	3.6
Quinmerac	0.01*	0.1	0.9990	0.001	0.004	66.9	59.4	58.1	2.6	7.6	0.4	5.3	1.9	3.1
Quinoclamine	0.01*	0.01	0.9999	0.001	0.004	88.7	83.1	84.3	2.1	2.4	3.5	3.2	1.5	2.8
Quizalofop-ethyl	0.05	NA	0.9984	0.001	0.005	89.6	86.1	86.3	4.1	2.5	1.4	4.9	5.6	4.1
Saflufenacil	0.01*	0.03	0.9984	0.001	0.005	89.8	82.8	87.3	2.6	2.6	3.0	5.8	1.3	3.5
Sethoxydim	0.05	NA	0.9996	0.001	0.002	89.6	79.7	79.1	0.4	6.0	4.3	5.0	5.5	5.4
Spinetoram(j)	0.2	0.2	0.9999	0.001	0.004	81.0	82.7	85.2	11.4	4.0	4.7	5.7	6.8	4.3
Spinetoram(L)	0.2	0.2	0.9982	0.002	0.005	71.4	78.0	78.3	4.3	2.2	7.4	8.3	8.5	4.7
Spirodiclofen	2	2	0.9994	0.002	0.006	98.5	89.6	86.7	3.1	2.4	2.2	8.6	3.4	5.6
Spirotetramat	3	0.4	0.9991	0.001	0.004	84.2	75.4	80.7	6.8	1.3	2.4	4.2	3.1	4.1
Spirotetramat-enol	0.01*	0.4	0.9980	0.002	0.005	84.2	85.8	88.6	5.1	4.7	0.1	3.7	2.1	2.5
Sulfoxaflor	0.5	0.5	0.9998	0.002	0.006	89.9	85.7	85.3	3.3	2.2	2.0	0.2	0.7	2.4
Tebuconazole	0.5	0.02	0.9996	0.001	0.003	90.6	86.0	87.9	7.9	5.5	2.2	2.2	2.8	5.6
Tebufenozide	0.01*	0.05	0.9997	0.002	0.006	78.8	80.9	90.1	9.0	3.6	3.0	2.3	3.9	7.7
Tebufenpyrad	0.5	1	0.9988	0.001	0.003	76.9	86.9	85.1	0.9	3.5	1.5	6.6	6.6	5.2
Teflubenzuron	1	0.01	0.9991	0.001	0.004	82.5	79.5	79.0	4.4	1.4	2.1	9.3	9.1	10.3
Terbuthylazine	0.01*	0.05	0.9966	0.001	0.004	91.8	85.5	87.4	0.4	1.1	0.7	2.7	1.3	1.6
Tetraconazole	1	0.2	0.9994	0.001	0.003	90.9	88.0	87.4	1.1	3.4	1.5	3.1	0.8	2.4
Thenylchlor	0.01*	NA	0.9996	0.001	0.002	81.5	83.9	91.1	0.5	2.8	7.4	4.1	4.1	8.6
Thiabendazole	3	0.01	0.9981	0.001	0.004	84.5	83.5	81.0	3.6	5.2	1.0	2.9	2.7	4.1
Thiacloprid	2	1	0.9988	0.001	0.002	89.4	85.5	85.8	2.0	4.2	4.1	2.2	2.2	2.4
Thiamethoxam	1	0.3	0.9997	0.001	0.004	80.5	80.8	78.2	1.4	7.6	5.6	3.5	2.8	4.8
Thiazopyr	0.01*	NA	0.9994	0.001	0.003	92.7	78.2	97.4	5.9	5.9	0.8	5.7	10.6	4.0
Thidiazuron	0.01*	NA	0.9987	0.001	0.003	94.7	87.6	89.8	4.0	3.7	1.4	5.5	3.1	2.9
Thifensulfuron-methyl	0.01*	0.01	0.9990	0.002	0.005	82.6	80.7	83.0	1.6	1.3	4.0	3.0	2.8	3.8
Thiobencarb	0.01*	0.01	0.9973	0.001	0.002	89.7	85.9	94.2	3.4	2.9	8.7	11.3	6.3	4.4
Thiodicarb	0.01*	0.01	0.9981	0.001	0.005	82.6	83.3	84.0	0.5	3.7	3.0	5.1	2.1	3.8
Tiadinil	0.01*	NA	0.9976	0.002	0.007	81.3	83.1	85.7	3.4	4.0	3.1	4.2	2.6	4.1
Triadimefon	0.01*	0.01	0.9955	0.002	0.005	95.3	89.9	90.1	1.3	2.2	0.6	3.0	2.6	4.0
Triazophos	0.05	0.01	0.9973	0.001	0.005	87.2	86.1	88.8	0.6	5.2	3.8	2.5	3.6	1.1
Tricyclazole	0.01*	0.01	0.9982	0.001	0.002	86.5	82.8	83.3	0.2	2.6	1.9	5.3	1.3	1.8
Trifloxystrobin	0.7	1	0.9998	0.002	0.008	88.7	82.2	97.8	5.3	5.4	7.1	15.4	9.8	2.3
Triflumizole	2	0.02	0.9991	0.001	0.002	85.1	85.3	88.0	5.4	4.1	11.0	5.3	2.9	3.0
Triflumuron	0.01*	0.01	0.9968	0.001	0.004	94.0	83.4	96.4	8.0	4.7	5.3	8.5	7.8	3.5
Uniconazole	0.01*	NA	0.9966	0.001	0.003	82.8	85.6	87.8	4.4	3.3	3.6	4.2	1.2	2.3
Vamidothion	0.01*	NA	0.9978	0.001	0.003	80.4	82.0	81.2	1.5	5.4	2.7	3.5	2.2	3.8

*A uniform MRL for pesticides with no MRLs in Korea.

NA, MRL not currently available for strawberry analyzed.

QuEChERS extraction was carried out using the AOAC (6 g MgSO₄, and 1.5 g sodium acetate) extraction kit and cleanup was performed using cleanup 5 (50 mg C₁₈).

* LMR uniforme para plaguicidas sin LMR en Corea.

NA: LMR no disponible actualmente para la fresa analizada.

La extracción de QuEChERS se realizó con el kit de extracción AOAC (6 g de MgSO₄ y 1.5 g de acetato de sodio) y la limpieza se realizó empleando limpieza 5 (50 mg C₁₈).

Figure 3. Matrix effects observed for 203 pesticides processed by the C₁₈ cleanup procedure.

Figura 3. Efectos observados en la matriz para 203 pesticidas tratados con el procedimiento de limpieza C_18.

Table 3. Application of C₁₈ cleanup to 10 strawberry samples.

Tabla 3. Aplicación de limpieza C₁₈ a 10 muestras de fresa.

Pesticides	Korea MRLs^a (mg kg^−1)	EU-MRLs^b (mg kg^−1)	No. of samples
			> LOQ	> LOD
Carbofuran	0.1	0.005		4
Dinotefuran	2	NA		2
Metalaxyl	0.2	0.6		3
Tricyclazole	0.01	0.01		3

^aMaximum residue limit on Food Code (KFDA, 2019).

^bEuropean Union maximum residue level (European Commission, 2019).

NA, MRL not currently available for strawberry analyzed.

^aLímite máximo de residuos en el Código de Alimentos (KFDA, 2019).

^bNivel máximo de residuos de la Unión Europea (Comisión Europea, 2019).

NA: LMR no disponible actualmente para la fresa analizada.

Table A1. LC-MS/MS parameter values used during the detection of 203 pesticides.

Tabla A1. Valores de parámetros LC-MS/MS utilizados durante la detección de 203 pesticidas.

Pesticides^a	R.T. (min)	Precursor ion (m/z)	Quantification transition (m/z)	D.P. (V)	C.E. (V)	Confirmatory transition (m/z)	D.P. (V)	C.E. (V)
Acetamiprid	6.8	223.0	125.9	66	31	99	66	57
Aldicarb	7.6	208.1	116.0	46	13	89.1	46	23
Amisulbrom	18.7	466.0	227.1	96	27	108.1	96	33
Azimsulfuron	9.2	425.0	182.1	61	23	156.1	61	45
Azinphos-methyl	9.9	318.0	132.0	61	19	160	61	19
Azoxystrobin	10.4	404.0	372.0	86	23	344	86	37
Bendiocarb	8.1	224.0	108.9	56	27	167.1	56	15
Bensulfuron-methyl	10.0	410.9	149.0	66	27	119.1	66	53
Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl	11.7	382.1	180.1	76	39	116.2	76	29
Benzobicyclon	11.4	447.0	257.1	91	37	229.1	91	51
Benzoximate	16.5	364.1	199.0	51	15	104.8	51	33
Bitertanol	16.4	338.2	99.1	76	21	70	76	19
Boscalid	11.1	343.0	307.0	101	27	140	106	27
Bromacil	8.2	261.1	205.0	56	21	188.2	56	41
Buprofezin	19.3	306.2	201.3	56	17	116.2	56	21
Cadusafos	17.4	271.1	159.1	61	19	97.1	61	49
Cafenstrole	11.9	351.2	100.2	61	19	72.1	61	39
Carbaryl	8.4	202.1	145.1	61	16	127.1	61	39
Carbendazim	6.4	192.1	160.1	81	27	132	81	41
Carbofuran	8.2	222.1	123.0	60	29	165.1	60	17
Carboxin	8.5	236.2	143.1	56	21	86.9	56	35
Carfentrazone-ethyl	14.6	412.1	345.9	91	35	365.9	91	27
Carpropamide	15.1	334.1	139.1	66	29	103.1	66	57
Chlorpyrifos	19.6	350.0	97.0	76	43	198	76	43
Chlorsulfuron	8.3	358.0	141.0	71	23	167.1	71	25
Chromafenozide	12.5	395.2	175.0	56	21	147	56	61
Clethodim	18.8	360.1	164.0	66	27	77	66	99
Clothianidin	6.6	250.0	169.0	56	21	131.9	56	25
Cyazofamid	13.1	325.1	107.9	61	19	261	61	15
Cyclosulfamurom	12.2	422.1	261.1	76	23	218.1	76	37
Cyflufenamid	16.6	413.2	203.2	66	53	241.2	66	33
Cyhalofop-butyl	18.3	375.0	256.1	51	23	120.1	51	43
Cymoxanil	7.1	199.1	128.2	61	13	83.1	46	33
Cyproconazole(1)	11.8	292.0	70.0	66	35	125.1	66	39
Cyproconazole(2)	12.4	292.1	70.0	66	35	125.1	66	37
Daimuron	11.8	269.1	151.2	61	19	119.1	61	27
Demeton-S-Methyl	8.3	231.1	89.2	46	19	60.9	46	43
Diazinon	15.5	305.2	169.2	76	27	153.2	76	29
Diethofencarb	10.6	268.0	226.0	61	15	180	56	23
Diflubenzuron	13.5	311.0	158.1	66	19	141.1	66	45
Dimepiperate	17.8	264.2	119.2	66	21	146.2	66	17
Dimethametryn	13.5	255.8	186.2	81	29	96.1	81	43
Dimethenamide	11.1	276.1	244.1	66	19	168.3	66	31
Dimethomorph(E)	10.6	388.1	300.9	71	31	165	71	45
Dimethomorph(z)	11.4	388.1	300.8	71	31	165.1	71	45
Diniconazole	16.9	326.0	70.0	91	41	159	91	41
Dinotefuran	5.6	203.1	128.9	51	17	113.6	51	19
Diphenamid	9.8	240.2	134.2	81	27	165.1	81	55
Dithiopyr	18.7	402.1	353.9	91	27	272	91	47
Diuron	9.6	233.1	72.1	76	35	160.1	76	35
Edifenphos	14.9	311.1	109.1	76	41	111.1	76	29
Esprocarb	19.3	266.2	91.1	71	33	65.1	71	79
Ethaboxam	8.8	321.0	182.9	126	35	200.1	126	39
Ethiofencarb	8.8	226.1	106.9	51	21	164.1	51	11
Ethoprophos	13.0	243.1	131.0	71	27	97.1	71	43
Ethoxysulfuron	11.6	399.0	217.9	66	33	260.9	66	21
Etoxazole	19.9	360.1	141.0	101	41	304.1	101	27
Etrimfos	14.9	293.1	125.1	76	33	265	76	21
Famoxadone	15.6	392.0	331.0	51	17	195.1	51	37
Fenamiphos	13.8	304.2	217.2	71	31	202.1	71	47
Fenarimol	12.7	331.1	267.9	106	35	80.9	106	51
Fenazaquin	20.5	307.2	161.0	111	25	147	111	29
Fenbuconazole	13.4	337.2	125.1	86	41	70	86	35
Fenhexamid	12.6	302.2	55.0	126	59	97.3	91	33
Fenobucarb	10.5	208.1	95.2	57	19	152	57	11
Fenoxaprop-ethyl	19.0	362.1	287.9	96	29	121	96	41
Fenoxycarb	13.9	302.2	116.2	66	15	256.2	66	17
Fenpyroximate	20.2	422.1	366.2	96	25	134.8	96	47
Fentrazamide	15.1	350.1	154.0	66	15	82.9	66	37
Ferimzone(E)	10.5	255.2	91.0	71	47	132.1	71	29
Ferimzone(z)	10.5	255.2	132.0	76	27	124.2	76	27
Fluacrypyrim	17.8	427.1	144.9	61	37	205	61	17
Flubendiamide	14.8	683.2	407.9	56	17	255.9	56	87
Flucetosulfuron	10.4	487.8	156.1	66	27	273	66	35
Fludioxonil	11.0	266.0	229.2	36	23	158	36	49
Flufenacet	12.9	364.1	152.2	61	25	194.3	61	17
Flufenoxuron	19.8	489.0	158.1	81	27	141.1	81	71
Fluopicolide	11.6	383.0	173.0	81	35	109	81	91
Fluquinconazole	12.4	375.9	307.1	81	33	108	81	69
Flusilazole	13.8	316.1	165.2	91	39	247.1	91	23
Flutolanil	11.4	324.1	261.8	71	29	242	71	39
Fluxapyroxad	11.5	382.0	362.0	76	23	341.9	76	31
Forchlorfenuron	9.4	248.1	129.0	71	21	155.1	71	19
Fosthiazate	8.8	284.1	104.2	66	29	228.1	66	15
Furathiocarb	19.2	383.2	195.2	71	23	252.1	71	17
Halosulfuron-methyl	12.3	435.1	182.1	51	35	138.9	51	71
Haloxyfop	18.9	361.9	91.1	86	47	315.9	86	25
Hexaconazole	15.8	314.1	70.0	86	39	159.1	86	43
Hexaflumuron	18.6	461.0	158.2	81	25	141.1	81	59
Hexazinone	8.3	253.2	171.1	61	23	71.1	61	45
Hexythiazox	19.7	353.1	228.0	66	23	168.1	66	37
Imazalil	8.8	296.9	159.2	81	33	69	81	35
Imazosulfuron	11.1	413.0	153.0	66	19	156.1	66	23
Imicyafos	7.7	305.1	201.1	81	31	235.2	81	25
Imidacloprid	6.5	255.9	209.0	61	21	175.1	61	33
Inabenfide	10.7	339.1	321.1	76	23	80.1	76	49
Iprobenfos	14.4	289.2	91.1	66	27	205.1	66	15
Iprovalicarb	12.6	321.2	119.1	56	35	203.2	56	15
Isoprocarb	9.2	194.2	95.2	61	19	137.1	61	13
Isoprothiolane	11.5	291.1	231.1	61	15	189.1	61	27
Isopyrazam	17.5	360.2	244.2	86	33	320.3	86	29
Kresoxim-methyl	14.6	314.1	115.9	66	29	131	66	39
Linuron	10.6	249.0	160.0	76	23	182.1	76	19
Lufenuron	19.5	510.9	158.2	59	27	141.2	59	67
Malathion	11.5	331.2	127.1	56	17	284.9	56	11
Mandipropamid	11.1	411.8	328.1	66	21	125	66	47
Mefenacet	12.0	299.1	148.2	71	19	120.2	71	35
Mepanipyrim	12.5	224.1	76.9	91	61	106	91	39
Mepronil	11.6	270.2	119.1	81	31	91.2	81	53
Metalaxyl	9.4	280.2	220.2	66	17	160.2	66	31
Metamifop	19.1	441.1	288.0	91	23	180.2	91	27
Metazosulfuron	10.5	476.0	181.8	91	33	295.1	91	25
Metconazole	16.1	320.2	70.0	81	43	125	81	61
Methabenzthiazuron	9.2	222.1	165.2	66	23	150.1	66	45
Methiocarb	10.8	226.2	121.0	61	23	169.2	61	13
Methomyl	6.1	163.1	88.1	51	13	106.2	51	13
Methoxyfenozide	11.6	369.2	148.9	51	23	132.9	51	37
Metobromuron	9.1	259.0	169.9	71	23	148.1	71	23
Metolcarb	7.8	166.2	109.2	56	15	94.1	56	39
Metrafenone	16.6	409.0	209.1	56	23	227	56	29
Mevinphos	7.2	225.2	127.1	51	23	193.2	51	13
Molinate	12.0	188.2	126.2	61	17	55.1	61	35
Monocrotophos	6.2	224.1	127.0	56	23	98	56	17
Myclobutanil	11.8	289.2	70.0	76	27	125.1	76	41
Napropamide	12.9	272.2	129.2	76	21	171.2	76	23
Nicosulfuron	7.9	411.0	182.2	71	29	106	71	49
Novaluron	19.0	492.7	141.1	76	71	158.1	76	27
Nuarimol	10.7	315.1	252.2	86	33	80.8	86	51
Ofurace	8.1	282.1	160.2	76	31	254.1	76	17
Omethoate	5.4	214.0	125.0	56	31	109.1	56	37
Oxadiazon	19.5	362.0	220.0	51	31	177.1	51	43
Oxadixyl	7.6	279.2	219.2	66	15	133.2	66	27
Oxamyl	5.9	237.1	72.1	53	25	90.1	53	11
Oxaziclomefone	19.0	376.0	190.1	76	21	133.1	76	47
Paclobutrazole	11.4	294.0	70.0	66	39	125	51	49
Penconazole	14.6	284.1	70.1	71	27	159.1	71	39
Pencycuron	17.0	329.0	125.0	76	33	218	71	23
Penoxsulam	8.4	484.1	195.0	116	41	163.9	116	49
Pentoxzone	19.1	354.1	285.9	80	20	288.1	80	20
Phenthoate	14.3	321.1	79.1	66	55	135.2	66	25
Phosphamidone	7.6	300.1	127.1	76	25	174.2	76	19
Phoxim	15.9	299.1	76.9	61	45	129	61	17
Piperophos	17.9	354.1	171.0	81	29	255	81	19
Pirimiphos-methyl	16.3	306.2	108.2	86	39	164.2	86	29
Probenazole	12.4	224.2	51.1	56	95	63.1	61	103
Profenofos	18.9	373.0	302.7	76	23	128	76	59
Propamocarb	5.5	189.1	102.0	66	25	74	66	35
Propanil	10.8	218.1	127.1	76	37	162.1	76	19
Propaquizafop	19.3	444.1	100.1	71	33	56	71	51
Propoxur	8.1	210.2	111.1	56	19	93.1	56	33
Pyraclofos	16.3	361.1	138.1	91	55	111.1	91	85
Pyraclostrobin	16.0	388.1	163.0	106	39	193.9	106	19
Pyrazolate	16.8	439.0	91.0	91	71	173	91	29
Pyrazophos	16.5	374.0	222.2	86	27	194.2	86	43
Pyribenzoxim	19.4	610.2	180.0	66	49	413	66	19
Pyributicarb	19.6	331.1	181.1	60	21	108	60	40
Pyridaben	20.6	365.1	146.9	61	35	309	61	21
Pyridaphenthion	11.9	341.1	189.1	76	33	205.1	76	31
Pyrifluquinazon	12.3	465.1	423.1	71	33	106.8	71	45
Pyriftalid	10.2	319.0	138.9	106	43	83.1	106	67
Pyrimethanil	10.6	200.1	107.0	91	35	82	91	37
Pyrimidifen	19.2	378.1	184.2	86	31	150.2	86	45
Pyriminobac-methyl(E)	10.3	362.1	330.0	61	21	283.9	61	45
Pyriminobac-methyl(Z)	11.3	362.1	330.1	66	23	75	66	129
Pyrimisulfan	9.6	420.1	370.0	66	23	388.1	66	21
Pyriproxyfen	19.5	322.1	96.0	56	23	184.9	56	31
Pyroquilon	8.0	174.0	132.0	91	35	116.8	91	45
Quinalphos	14.2	299.1	97.1	66	51	163.1	66	33
Quinmerac	7.1	222.0	203.9	76	21	141.1	76	49
Quinoclamine	7.9	208.1	105.1	91	33	172	76	29
Quizalofop-ethyl	18.9	373.1	299.2	91	25	163.1	91	59
Saflufenacil	10.3	501.1	198.0	76	59	349	76	35
Sethoxydim	19.3	328.2	178.1	71	25	282.3	71	17
Spinetoram(j)	18.6	748.5	142.2	91	45	98.1	91	101
Spinetoram(L)	19.2	760.5	142.2	96	43	98.2	96	91
Spirodiclofen	20.2	410.8	71.1	76	35	312.9	76	19
Spirotetramat	12.7	374.2	216.1	111	47	302	111	25
Spirotetramat-enol	8.8	302.1	216.1	111	39	270.1	111	29
Sulfoxaflor	7.0	278.0	173.9	61	13	154	61	41
Tebuconazole	15.0	308.0	70.0	86	41	125	86	41
Tebufenozide	14.0	353.1	132.8	61	31	104.9	61	61
Tebufenpyrad	19.3	334.1	144.9	126	39	116.9	126	53
Teflubenzuron	19.4	380.9	141.1	76	57	158.2	76	23
Terbuthylazine	11.1	230.1	174.2	76	21	104	76	43
Tetraconaole	12.9	372.0	159.0	66	47	70	71	37
Thenylchlor	12.8	324.2	127.1	56	21	97.1	56	59
Thiabendazole	6.8	202.1	175.1	86	33	131.1	86	43
Thiacloprid	7.1	253.0	126.0	71	37	186	71	21
Thiamethoxam	6.2	291.9	210.9	71	17	180.9	71	31
Thiazopyr	14.9	397.1	377.1	96	35	334.9	96	39
Thidiazuron	8.1	221.1	102.0	71	19	128	71	25
Thifensulfuron-methyl	7.8	388.0	167.1	71	21	204.9	71	33
Thiobencarb	16.5	258.1	125.0	71	27	89.3	71	67
Thiodicarb	8.5	355.1	88.1	61	23	108.1	61	21
Tiadinil	12.1	267.9	100.9	61	27	101.1	51	27
Triadimefon	11.8	294.1	197.2	81	19	225	81	19
Triazophos	12.1	314.1	162.2	71	27	119.2	71	47
Tricyclazole	7.4	190.1	163.1	91	31	136	91	37
Trifloxystrobin	18.3	409.1	186.0	56	31	206.1	56	23
Triflumizole	18.2	346.1	278.0	66	15	73	66	23
Triflumuron	16.4	359.1	156.1	81	23	139.1	81	45
Uniconazole	13.6	292.1	70.0	76	41	125.1	76	39
Vamidothion	6.8	287.9	146.1	56	19	118	56	35

^aMass spectra of all tested pesticides were obtained in the positive ion mode.

R.T., retention time; D.P., declustering potential; C.E., collision energy.

^a Los espectros de masas de todos los pesticidas probados se obtuvieron en el modo de iones positivos.

R.T.: tiempo de retención; D.P., potencial de separación; C.E., energía de colisión

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