The effects of propolis on doxorubicin-induced hepatorenal damage: a comparison of ethanolic and oily extracts of propolis

Figures & data

Figure 1. Effects of the ethanolic propolis extract (PE) and oily propolis extract (PO) on oxidative stress status at the basal and DOX-induced conditions (PED, POD) in rat kidneys. Oxidative stress was evaluated by renal MDA level (a), GSH level (b), SOD activity (c) and CAT activity (d) in all groups. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). Statistical difference from control *p < .01, **p < .001; from DOX # p < .001; from PE ϕp < .05, ϕϕp < .001; from PO θ p < .001; from ⊥ p < .05, ⊥⊥ p < .001 PED.

Figure 2. Effects of the ethanolic propolis extract (PE) and oily propolis extract (PO) on oxidative stress status at the basal and DOX-induced conditions (PED, POD) in rat livers. Oxidative stress was evaluated by hepatic MDA level (a), GSH level (b), SOD activity (c) and CAT activity (d) in all groups. Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). Statistical difference from control *p < .001; from DOX # p < .001; from PE ϕp < .001; from PO θ p < .001; from PED ⊥ p < .01, ⊥⊥ p < .001.

Table 1. Effects of the ethanolic propolis extract (PE) and oily propolis extract (PO) on serum and urinary parameters at the basal and DOX-induced conditions (PED, POD). Results are expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6).

	Control	DOX	PE	PO	PED	POD
ALT (U/L)	39.62 ± 2.95	86.44 ± 4.85 **	4.37 ± 3.94 ###	45.35 ± 7.56 ###	67.72 ± 6.09** ## ϕϕϕ θθθ	63.67 ± 9.52** ### ϕϕϕ θθθ
AST (U/L)	81.50 ± 9.16	135.00 ± 8.53 **	78.32 ± 12.16 ###	82.72 ± 1.68 ###	116.33 ± 6.29** # ϕϕϕ θθθ	102.27 ± 6.10* ### ϕϕϕ θθ
Albumin (g/dl)	3.24 ± 0.15	2.86 ± 0.12 *	3.41±0.11 ###	3.34±0.10 ###	2.98±0.10 ϕ θ	3.23±0.14
GFR (ml/min)	1.88 ± 0.15	1.05 ± 0.15 **	1.86±0.12 ###	1.77±0.10 ###	1.37±0.11 ** # ϕϕϕ θθθ	1.35±0.17 ** # ϕϕϕ θθθ
Creatinine (mg/dl)	0.84 ± 0.04	1.28 ± 0.06 **	0.79 ±0. 08 ###	0.84 ± 0.06 ###	1.08 ± 0.04 ** ## ϕϕϕ θθθ	0.99 ± 0.09 ** # ϕϕϕ θθθ
uKim-1 (ng/ml)	0.98 ± 0.04	1.67 ± 0.05 **	1.02 ± 0.10 ###	1.00±0.09 ###	1.31 ± 0.12 ** ### ϕ θθ	1.26 ± 0.08 * ## ϕϕ θθθ
uNGAL (ng/ml)	1.01 ± 0.10	2.54 ± 0.19 **	0.96 ± 0.13 ###	1.14 ± 0.28 ###	1.47 ± 0.15 * # ϕϕϕ θ	1.44 ± 0.14 * ## ϕϕϕ

Statistical difference from control *p < .01, **p < .001; from DOX #p < .05, ##p < .01, ###p < .001; from PE ϕp < .05, ϕϕp < .01, ϕϕϕp < .001; from PO θp < .05, θθp < .01, θθθp < .001.