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Research Article

Ginseng total saponins rescue susceptibility to adult depression-like behaviors in mice induced by early-life stress via regulating CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling

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Pages 701-710 | Received 05 Jul 2023, Accepted 26 Oct 2023, Published online: 17 Nov 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1. The protocol of MS and CUMS sequential model.

Figure 1. The protocol of MS and CUMS sequential model.

Figure 2. Depression-like behaviors among different groups. (a) Immobility time in FST. (b) immobility time in TST. (c) Path length in OFT. Data were plotted as the mean ± SD. *P-value < .05, **P-value < .01.

Figure 2. Depression-like behaviors among different groups. (a) Immobility time in FST. (b) immobility time in TST. (c) Path length in OFT. Data were plotted as the mean ± SD. *P-value < .05, **P-value < .01.

Figure 3. The altered hippocampal levels of CREB, BDNF, and TrkB among different groups. (a,b) western blot assay of the altered hippocampal expressions of CREB, BDNF, TrkB. Data were plotted as the mean ± SD. *P-value < .05, **P-value < .01. (c) qRT-PCR analysis of the altered hippocampal mRNA levels of CREB, BDNF, and TrkB. Data were plotted as the mean ± SD. *P-value < .05, **P-value < .01.

Figure 3. The altered hippocampal levels of CREB, BDNF, and TrkB among different groups. (a,b) western blot assay of the altered hippocampal expressions of CREB, BDNF, TrkB. Data were plotted as the mean ± SD. *P-value < .05, **P-value < .01. (c) qRT-PCR analysis of the altered hippocampal mRNA levels of CREB, BDNF, and TrkB. Data were plotted as the mean ± SD. *P-value < .05, **P-value < .01.

Figure 4. Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of CREB, BDNF, and TrkB among different groups. All scale bars were × 50 µm. (a) Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of CREB among different groups. (b) Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of BDNF among different groups. (c) Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of TrkB among different groups.

Figure 4. Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of CREB, BDNF, and TrkB among different groups. All scale bars were × 50 µm. (a) Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of CREB among different groups. (b) Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of BDNF among different groups. (c) Immunofluorescence assay of the altered hippocampal levels of TrkB among different groups.

Figure 5. Ginseng total saponins rescue susceptibility to adult depression-like behaviors in mice induced by early-life stress via regulating CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling.

Figure 5. Ginseng total saponins rescue susceptibility to adult depression-like behaviors in mice induced by early-life stress via regulating CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling.

Data availability statement

All data are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.