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European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering Volume 22, 2018 - Issue 6
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Articles

Piping erosion safety assessment of flood defences founded over sewer pipes

J.P. Aguilar-LópezMarine and Fluvial Systems Department, University of Twente, Enschede, The NetherlandsCorrespondence[email protected]
,
J.J. WarminkMarine and Fluvial Systems Department, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
,
R.M.J. SchielenMarine and Fluvial Systems Department, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;Rijkswaterstaat, Arnhem, The Netherlands
&
S.J.M.H. HulscherMarine and Fluvial Systems Department, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
Pages 707-735 | Received 27 Jan 2016, Accepted 18 Jul 2016, Published online: 08 Aug 2016

Figures & data

Figure 1. IJkdijk cross section for piping erosion test (not in scale).

Figure 1. IJkdijk cross section for piping erosion test (not in scale).

Table 1. IJkdijk experiment 3 parameters and results.

Figure 2. Methodology flow chart.

Figure 2. Methodology flow chart.

Figure 3. IJkdijk cross section and boundary conditions of FEM models with and without embedded sewer pipe.

Figure 3. IJkdijk cross section and boundary conditions of FEM models with and without embedded sewer pipe.

Figure 4. Two forces grain equilibrium model inside the erosion channel.

Figure 4. Two forces grain equilibrium model inside the erosion channel.

Table 2. Prior distributions of random variables for FEM models and Sellmeijer limit state equation.

Figure 5. Required erosion channel height (in terms of ng), for different cross section geometries.

Figure 5. Required erosion channel height (in terms of ng), for different cross section geometries.

Figure 6. Required erosion channel height (in terms of ng), for different aquifer permeability (k) values.

Figure 6. Required erosion channel height (in terms of ng), for different aquifer permeability (k) values.

Figure 7. Required erosion channel height (in terms of ng), for different aquifer depths.

Figure 7. Required erosion channel height (in terms of ng), for different aquifer depths.

Figure 8. Safety factor as a function of location for (a) 0.5 m diameter, (b) 0.8 m diameter, (c) 1.0 m diameter, (d) 1.2 m diameter.

Figure 8. Safety factor as a function of location for (a) 0.5 m diameter, (b) 0.8 m diameter, (c) 1.0 m diameter, (d) 1.2 m diameter.

Figure 9. ANN emulator architectures R2.

Figure 9. ANN emulator architectures R2.

Figure 10. (a) PDF of Z for the Sellmeijer revised equation (Thick black line), FEM (Thin blue line) and Emulator (Dashed line). (b) CDF of Z for the Sellmeijer revised equation (Thick black line), FEM (Thin blue line) and Emulator (Dashed line).

Figure 10. (a) PDF of Z for the Sellmeijer revised equation (Thick black line), FEM (Thin blue line) and Emulator (Dashed line). (b) CDF of Z for the Sellmeijer revised equation (Thick black line), FEM (Thin blue line) and Emulator (Dashed line).

Figure 11. Failure probabilities as a function of the main random variables with different CV.

Figure 11. Failure probabilities as a function of the main random variables with different CV.

Table 3. Validation results of emulators (Ω) versus FEM output as a function of different number of hidden layers (H.L.).

Figure 12. β indexes for different aquifer depths and permeability CVs.

Figure 12. β indexes for different aquifer depths and permeability CVs.

Table

Table

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