The mechanism of governments’ and individuals’ influence on protective behaviours during the second wave of COVID-19: a multiple mediation model

Figures & data

Figure 1. The hypothesised model of active interaction of government and individual promoting preventive behaviour.

Table 1. Correlation matrix of the variables.

Factors	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1 Transparent information	1
2 Rumour refutation	0.80**	1
3 Positive communications	0.81**	0.81**	1
4 Governmental supplies	0.73**	0.72**	0.76**	1
5 Self-efficacy	0.54**	0.58**	0.58**	0.54**	1
6 Response efficacy	0.61**	0.60**	0.62**	0.57**	0.81**	1
7 Positive emotions	0.58**	0.62**	0.64**	0.60**	0.68**	0.70**	1
8 Posttraumatic growth	0.57**	0.58**	0.63**	0.55**	0.69**	0.75**	0.75**	1
9 Avoidance behaviours	0.55**	0.56**	0.58**	0.56**	0.60**	0.66**	0.66**	0.67**	1
10 Precautionary behaviours	0.53**	0.52**	0.56**	0.54**	0.55**	0.63**	0.62**	0.63**	0.78**	1
11 Disease management	0.49**	0.53**	0.55**	0.51**	0.58**	0.61**	0.68**	0.68**	0.70**	0.67**	1

Note: **p < .01.

Figure 2. Standardised estimates and factor loading of the predicting model. Note: (L1: avoidance behaviour; L2: precautionary behaviour; L3: disease management; L4: transparent information; L5: rumour refutation L6: positive communications; L7: governmental supplies; L8: appreciation of life; L9: spiritual change; L10: relating to others; L11: new possibilities; L12: personal strengths; L13: gratitude; L14: hope; L15: responsibility; L16: confidence; L17: acceptance; L18: adaptation; L19: self-efficacy; L20: response efficacy). **p < .01; ***p < .001.

Table 2. Standardised indirect effects and 95% confidence intervals.

Pathways	β	Bias-Corrected 95% CI
Government intervention → Perceived efficacy → Protective behaviours	0.15**	[0.04, 0.27]
Government intervention → Positive emotions → Protective behaviours	0.20***	[0.10, 0.29]
Government intervention → Perceived efficacy → PTG → Protective behaviours	0.10**	[0.03, 0.18]
Government intervention → Positive emotions → PTG→ Protective behaviours	0.08**	[0.03, 0.13]

Note: **p < .01; ***p < .001. CI: Confidence interval; PTG: Posttraumatic growth.

Table 3. Demographic characteristics of 1137 participants.

Factors	Sample Size (N = 1137)	Percent (%)
Gender
Female	486	42.74
Male	651	57.26
Age
18∼25	397	34.92
26∼35	484	42.57
36∼45	229	20.14
46∼59	27	2.37
Marital status
Married	640	56.29
Other	497	43.71
Educational background
High school or lower	173	15.22
College/Technical school	269	23.66
University bachelor’s degree	552	48.55
Master’s degree or higher	143	12.57
Income
No income	106	9.32
Below 4000	183	16.10
4000∼10000	528	46.44
10001∼20000	253	22.26
Above 20000	67	5.88

Note: SD: ‘Standard deviation’.

Data availability statement

The data supporting the research are available from the corresponding author upon request. The data are not publicly available due to information that could compromise the privacy of participants.