Screening for psychotrauma related symptoms: Japanese translation and pilot testing of the Global Psychotrauma Screen

Figures & data

Table 1. Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants.

	Total (n = 58)
Gender
Female (n, (%))	54 (93.10)
Male (n, (%))	4 (6.90)
Age, years old (mean (SD))	47.63 (13.30)
Marital status
Single (n, (%))	8 (13.79)
Married (n, (%))	17 (29.31)
Separate (n, (%))	12 (20.69)
Bereavement (n, (%))	5 (8.62)
Divorced (n, (%))	16 (27.59)
Number of children (mean (SD))	1.48 (1.17)
Traumatic experiences (multiple answers allowed)
Natural disaster (n, (%))	21 (36.21)
Transportation accident (n, (%))	21 (36.21)
Physical assault (n, (%))	18 (31.03)
Sexual assault (n, (%))	13 (22.41)
Other unwanted or uncomfortable sexual experience (n, (%))	18 (31.03)
Childhood physical assault (n, (%))	9 (15.52)
Other terrible, shocking events that most people don’t experience (n, (%))	14 (24.14)

Table 2. Scores of psychological symptom scales among groups.

				By gender
Scales	Score range of the participants	Total (n = 58)	95% CI	Male (n = 4)	Female (n = 54)		Cronbach’s alpha
GPS Total (mean (SD))	0–22	10.92 (5.96)	9.23–12.61	6.67 (3.79)	11.19 (5.99)		0.90
GPS Symptoms (mean (SD))	0–17	7.98 (5.07)	6.57–9.39	4.75 (2.99)	8.25 (5.14)		0.90
GPS Risk factor (mean (SD))	0–5	2.65 (1.51)	2.25–3.06	1.67 (0.58)	2.71 (1.53)		0.58
PCL-5 (mean (SD))	0–73	32.96 (20.45)	27.38–38.54	21.25 (11.81)	33.90 (20.77)
PHQ-9 (mean (SD))	0–26	11.91 (7.52)	9.83–13.98	10.25 (9.00)	12.04 (7.49)
GAD-7 (mean (SD))	0–21	9.76 (6.56)	7.97–11.55	7.00 (8.37)	9.98 (6.45)
CAGE (mean (SD))	0–3	0.40 (0.78)	0.20–0.61	0.75 (0.96)	0.38 (0.77)
GPS subdomains
GPS PTSD subdomain (mean (SD))	0–5	2.60 (1.96)	2.06–3.15	1.00 (1.15)	2.73 (1.97)		0.84
GPS DSO subdomain (mean (SD))	0–2	1.04 (0.85)	1.26–0.81	1.00 (0.82)	1.38 (0.86)		0.66
GPS Depression subdomain (mean (SD))	0–2	1.21 (0.82)	0.99–1.44	0.75 (0.96)	1.25 (0.81)		0.64
GPS Anxiety subdomain (mean (SD))	0–2	1.25 (0.80)	1.04–1.47	0.75 (0.50)	1.29 (0.81)		0.57
GPS Dissociation subdomain (mean (SD))	0–2	0.27 (0.59)	0.11–0.43	0 (0)	0.29 (0.61)		0.64

PCL-5: The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PHQ-9: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), GAD-7: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), GPS: The Global Psychotrauma Screen, DSO: Disturbances in Self-Organization, SD: Standard Deviation.

Figure 1. Per cent endorsement of GPS items (total sample).

Table 3. Spearman’s rank correlation analyses between GPS and psychological symptom scales.

	PCL-5	PHQ-9	GAD-7	CAGE
GPS Total	0.87**	0.81**	0.83**	0.23
GPS Symptoms	0.84**	0.79**	0.80**	0.18
GPS Risk factor	0.65**	0.63**	0.62**	0.22
Correlations with corresponding domain
GPS PTSD subdomain	0.66**
GPS DSO subdomain	0.68**
GPS Depression subdomain		0.76**
GPS Anxiety subdomain			0.72**
GPS Substance abuse question				0.52**
GPS Dissociation subdomain	0.47**

PCL-5: The PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, PHQ-9: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), GAD-7: The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), GPS: The Global Psychotrauma Screen, DSO: Disturbances in Self-Organization

**p < 0.01

Figure 2. Per cent endorsement of GPS items (disasters or accidents vs interpersonal trauma).

Figure 3. Per cent endorsement of GPS items (without sexual trauma vs with sexual trauma).

Figure 4. Per cent endorsement of GPS items (without childhood physical trauma vs with childhood physical trauma).

Table 4. Comparison between participants by types of trauma history.

	Most stressful trauma type: disasters or accidents (n = 9)	Most stressful trauma type: interpersonal trauma (n = 26)	|Z|	p		Without sexual traumatic experiences (n = 35)	With sexual traumatic experiences (n = 23)	|Z|	p		Without childhood physical assaults (n = 49)	With childhood physical assaults (n = 9)	|Z|	p
GPS Total (mean (SD))	8.56 (4.93)	11.78 (5.94)	1.48	0.14		9.52 (5.97)	12.86 (5.49)	2.06	0.04		9.74 (5.64)	17.13 (3.14)	3.38	< 0.01
GPS Symptoms (mean (SD))	6.33 (4.00)	8.43 (4.88)	1.29	0.20		6.70 (4.95)	9.73 (4.81)	2.18	0.03		7.07 (4.84)	13.00 (3.12)	3.03	< 0.01
GPS Risk factor (mean (SD))	2.22 (1.72)	3.00 (1.56)	1.22	0.22		2.55 (1.46)	2.82 (1.59)	0.72	0.47		2.37 (1.44)	4.11 (0.93)	3.17	< 0.01
GPS subdomains
GPS PTSD subdomain (mean (SD))	1.89 (1.69)	2.91 (1.93)	1.41	0.16		2.00 (1.81)	3.45 (1.90)	2.69	< 0.01		2.22 (1.89)	4.75 (0.71)	3.43	< 0.01
GPS DSO subdomain (mean (SD))	0.78 (0.67)	1.08 (0.86)	0.93	0.35		0.85 (0.80)	1.30 (0.88)	1.98	0.047		0.89 (0.84)	1.78 (0.44)	2.85	< 0.01
GPS Depression subdomain (mean (SD))	1.22 (0.83)	1.32 (0.80)	0.32	0.75		1.09 (0.88)	1.39 (0.72)	1.23	0.22		1.13 (0.85)	1.67 (0.50)	1.72	0.09
GPS Anxiety subdomain (mean (SD))	1.11 (0.78)	1.24 (0.83)	0.46	0.64		1.16 (0.81)	1.39 (0.78)	1.11	0.27		1.20 (0.81)	1.56 (0.73)	1.26	0.21
GPS Dissociation subdomain (mean (SD))	0 (0)	0.24 (0.52)	1.40	0.15		0.25 (0.57)	0.30 (0.63)	0.28	0.78		0.24 (0.57)	0.44 (0.73)	1.04	0.3

GPS: The Global Psychotrauma Screen, DSO: Disturbances in Self-Organization, SD: Standard Deviation.

Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Misari Oe, upon reasonable request.