Effects of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles volume fractions on microstructural and mechanical characteristics of friction stir welded nanocomposites

Figures & data

Table 1. Chemical composition of AA6061-T6.

Alloying elements	Mg	Si	Cu	Mn	Cr	Zn	Ti	Al
Wt.%	0.901	0.615	0.258	0.0454	0.19	0.054	0.0195	Bal

Figure 1. (a) Schematic for incorporating RPs into the base matrix, (b) TEM micrograph of Al₂O₃ nanoparticle.

Table 2. Process parameters window for FSW.

FSW process parameter	Rotating speed	Traveling speed	Tilt angle	Pin profile	Concave shoulder diameter (${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{d}})$	Cylindrical pin diameter (${\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{d}})$	${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{d}}/{\mathit{P}}_{\mathit{d}}$	FSW passes	Al2O3 nanoparticles volume
	r/min	mm/min	(°)		mm	mm			%
Respective values	2000	70	0	Cylindrical round bottom	15	5	3	1	0.2, 0.3, 0.4

Figure 2. SEM photomicrograph depicts the depth of fabricated P-NCs on Al-matrix.

Figure 3. SEM micrographs of produced Al/Al₂O₃ based P-NCs, (a) 0.2 vol%, (b) 0.3 vol%, (c) 0.4 vol%, and (d) As-received AA6061-T6.

Figure 4. Micro-hardness measured transversely from weld centreline for Al/Al₂O₃ based P-NCs and base material.

Figure 5. Tensile properties of Al/Al₂O₃ based P-NCs and base material.

Figure 6. SEM photomicrographs of fractured surface for Al/Al₂O₃ based P-NCs, (a) 0.2%, (b) 0.3%, (c) 0.4%, and (d) As-received AA6061-T6.

Figure 7. Frictional coefficient values for Al/Al₂O₃ based P-NCs and as-received AA6061-T6.

Figure 8. SEM photomicrographs of wear morphology for Al/Al₂O₃ based P-NCs, (a) As-received AA6061-T6, (b) 0.2%, (c) 0.3%, and (d) 0.4%.