The effect of deposition angle on morphology and diameter of electrospun TiO₂/PVP nanofibers

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic of a typical electrospinning setup.

Figure 2. Schematic of the electrospinning setups with different spinning angles.

Figure 3. XRD pattern for TiO₂/PVP nanofibers at different deposition angle (a) 0°, (b) 45°, (c) 90°, (d) 135°, (e) 180°.

Table 1. Deposition angle, FWHM value, grain size (D), dislocation density (δ), and texture coefficient (T_c(hkl)) values of TiO₂/PVP thin films for (101) plane.

Deposition angle	FWHM (°2θ)	Grain size, D (nm)	Dislocation density, δ (E-4)	Strain, ε (E-4)
0°	0.7872	11.04	82.04	−37.47
45°	0.5904	14.72	46.15	−15.58
90°	0.5904	39.16	6.52	−6.71
135°	0.2218	14.73	46.15	−9.25
180°	0.1272	68.35	2.14	−1.05

Figure 4. FESEM image for TiO₂/PVP nanofibers at different deposition angles (a) 0°, (b) 45°, (c) 90°, (d) 135°, (e) 180°.