Authentic student leadership development: structural equation model testing differences among student leader populations

Figures & data

Figure 1. Authentic leadership and student leadership model.

Table 1. Mean differences between student leaders and students.

M (SD)	Awareness	Relational Authenticity	Moral Identity	Balanced Processing	Authentic Leadership
Leaders	5.39 (.68)	5.36 (.74)	5.75 (.97)	5.13 (.69)	5.41 (.65)
Student	4.81 (.83)	4.97 (.78)	5.14 (1.01)	4.62 (.54)	4.88 (.61)

Table 2. Significance testing on demographics and authentic leadership.

Demographics		M (SD)	n	%
Gender t (412) = −2.01*, d = −0.21	Male	4.87 (.67)	213	51.4
	Female	5.0 (.58)	201	48.6
Age F (6, 407) = 3.03** η2 = .04 Rs = .08	≤ 20	4.91 (.60)	386	69.1
	21–25	4.94 (.65)	92	22.2
	26–30	4.82 (.90)	10	2.4
	31–35	4.99 (.48)	12	2.9
	36–40	5.95 (.82)	5	1.2
	41–45	5.34 (.41)	6	1.4
	46–50	N/A	0	0
	51 ≤	4.55 (.67)	3	0.7
Geographic upbringing F (4, 404) = 1.46 η^2 = .01 Rs = −0.05	Rural area or village	4.93 (.72)	86	0.21
	Small country town	5.07 (.59)	68	0.17
	Large town	4.89 (.46)	83	0.20
	Small to medium city	4.94 (.53)	89	0.22
	Major city	4.84 (.77)	83	0.20
Primary study area F (4, 389) = 3.37**η^2 = .01	Technical studies	4.88 (.74)	111	28.2
	Natural studies	4.90 (.57)	113	28.7
	Social sciences	4.88 (.57)	127	32.2
	Arts	5.71 (.41)	4	1.0
	Humanities	5.17 (.64)	39	9.9
Student status F (5, 407) = .754 η^2 = .01	Full-time, on-campus	4.92 (.63)	330	79.9
	Full-time, distance	4.65 (.411)	50	1.0
	Full-time, blended	5.02 (.61)	4	12.1
	Part-time, on-campus	5.00 (.62)	20	4.8
	Part-time, distance	5.19 (.11)	7	0.5
	Part-time, blended	5.19 (.69)	2	1.7
Enrolment t (119.152) = −2.03* d = −0.25	International	4.80 (.75)	89	21.6
	Domestic	4.97 (.59)	323	78.4

*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001; Seven-point Likert scale where 1 = ‘strongly disagree’ and 7=“strongly agree”.

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available due to institutional review board restrictions.