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Exploring US Millennial consumers’ consumption values in relation to traditional and social cause apparel product attributes and purchase intentions

美国千禧世代消费者的消费价值对服装产品的传统属性和社会事业属性对于购买意向的影响的探索

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Pages 54-68 | Received 14 Jul 2016, Accepted 10 Nov 2016, Published online: 10 Jan 2017
 

Abstract

Millennial consumers, born between 1980 and 2000, are one of the largest consumer groups, yet there is limited knowledge about their apparel product purchasing intentions. Millennials are said to make sustainability-based decisions and to have a strong social and environmental consciousness. This study explores US Millennial consumers’ consumption values in relation to social cause product attributes of environment, labor, and traceability along with 12 more traditional attributes such as fit or style. Consumption values include the perceived importance of functional, monetary, emotional, social, and epistemic benefits derived from the apparel products. Online survey data were collected from 307 students attending a major western US university. The research hypotheses are tested using regression analyses with jeans as the apparel product category. Results suggest that traditional attributes remain a stronger influence on consumption values than social cause attributes, and that social cause product attributes, while influencing four consumption values, did not influence the social consumption value. Consumption values influence US Millennial consumers’ purchase intentions and these mediate the influence of traditional and social cause attributes on purchase intentions. Further investigation is suggested for clarifying the discrepancy between what is reported regarding Millennial consumers’ convictions and their intended apparel purchase behavior.

出生于1980年代和2000年代之间的千禧世代消费者(Millennial consumers)现如今是最大的消费者群体之一,同时也被看作是最以消费为导向的一代。他们成长与信息大爆炸的时代,也切身经历过始于2008年的金融危机。但是,对于千禧世代消费者服装产品的购买意向的研究至今非常有限。据说此消费者群体具有很强的社会和环境意识,因此常常会以可持续性为购买意向的依据。在现有的研究中,有关于这些判断和产品属性的重要性、消费价值以及服装产品的购买意向的关系几乎无人问津。本研究首先回顾了Sheth, Newman和Gross共同提出的消费价值理论(Theory of Consumption Value), 该研究测量了有关于消费者行为的消费价值,而本研究延伸了此理论,并以此解释美国的千禧世代消费者行为。本研究以牛仔裤为例来研究服装产品消费者的消费行为,先让千禧世代消费者们熟悉该类型的服装产品,得出的结果能助苦恼于日渐消沉的销售量的美国牛仔裤生产商。接下来,本研究回顾了有关于服装产品属性(apparel product attributes)以及社会事业属性(social cause attributes)的研究,研究表明这两个因素对千禧世代消费者也很重要。本研究主要侧重于探讨感知消费价值,而非个人消费价值。

本研究旨在探讨千禧世代消费者的感知消费价值和多个社会事业产品属性要素的关系,它们包括环境、劳动力、可追溯性以及合身度、颜色和风格等12个更为传统的属性。作为一个相对较新的产品特征,可追溯性(Traceability)让消费者能够追踪产品成分的原产地以及产品的集装地。消费价值包括对于服装产品的功能性、金钱属性、社会性以及知识性利益的重要性的感知。此外,传统以及社会事业属性以及五种消费价值也用来探讨对于千禧世代消费者购买意向的重要性。

本研究以美国西部某所大学18至31岁的307名学生为调查对象,采用网络调查的形式。其中的6个假说采用回归分析检测,而第7个假说则是以中介效应来检验。根据研究结果,传统属性比社会事业属性对于消费价值的感知具有更强的影响。同时,进一步的研究为研究千禧世代消费者对于社会热点话题的关心提供了帮助。决策重要性表明了社会事业属性并不会影响社会消费价值;而关于功能性、金钱属性、社会性以及知识性利益的感知性消费价值则更多地解释了千禧世代消费者的选择,相比之下其对于社会消费价值的解释则并没有那么完全。另一方面,消费价值则是影响了千禧世代消费者的购买意向,同时也中和了传统属性和社会事业属性对于购买意图的意图。鉴于本研究只选取了牛仔裤这单一的服装类别,而且大多数调查对象都是女性,今后的研究应该阐述关于千禧世代消费者消费信念的理论和他们实际服装产品购买行为之间的差距。

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