Figures & data
Figure 1. Viral characterization of rZH501 and the mutants in culture cells. Vero (a) or mouse Hepa1-6 cells (b) were infected with rZH501, rZH501-ΔNSs16/198 (ΔNSs), rZH501-PKRΔE7 (PKRΔE7), rZH501-TOSNSs (TOSNSs), rZH501-SFSNSs (SFSNSs), rZH501-PTANSs (PTANSs), rZH501-PTBNSs (PTBNSs), or rZH501-ΔNSm21/384 (Δ78 kD/NSm) at a moi of 0.01. Virus titers (pfu/ml) of culture supernatants at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hpi were measured by plaque assay. Means and standard deviations of 3 independent experiments are shown. (c) Hepa1-6 cells were mock-infected or infected with indicated rZH501 mutants at a moi of 3. Mouse IFN-β mRNA, ISG56 mRNA, RVFV antisense S-segment RNA [S(+) RNA], and N mRNA were detected by Northern blot.
![Figure 1. Viral characterization of rZH501 and the mutants in culture cells. Vero (a) or mouse Hepa1-6 cells (b) were infected with rZH501, rZH501-ΔNSs16/198 (ΔNSs), rZH501-PKRΔE7 (PKRΔE7), rZH501-TOSNSs (TOSNSs), rZH501-SFSNSs (SFSNSs), rZH501-PTANSs (PTANSs), rZH501-PTBNSs (PTBNSs), or rZH501-ΔNSm21/384 (Δ78 kD/NSm) at a moi of 0.01. Virus titers (pfu/ml) of culture supernatants at 1, 24, 48, and 72 hpi were measured by plaque assay. Means and standard deviations of 3 independent experiments are shown. (c) Hepa1-6 cells were mock-infected or infected with indicated rZH501 mutants at a moi of 3. Mouse IFN-β mRNA, ISG56 mRNA, RVFV antisense S-segment RNA [S(+) RNA], and N mRNA were detected by Northern blot.](/cms/asset/8829e3f5-4ac2-497e-a490-958c075a8f64/kvir_a_1195528_f0001_c.gif)
Figure 2. Attenuation of rZH501-ΔNSs16/198, rZH501-ΔNSm21/384, rZH501-PKRΔE7, rZH501-TOSNSs, rZH501-SFSNSs, rZH501-PTANSs, and rZH501-PTBNSs in mice. Outbred CD1 mice were infected with 1 × 103 pfu (i.p) of parental rZH501 (control) (n = 10), rZH501-ΔNSs16/198 (ΔNSs) (n = 20), rZH501-PKRΔE7 (PKRΔE7) (n = 10), or rZH501-ΔNSm21/384 (Δ78 kD/NSm) (n=10), rZH501-TOSNSs (TOSNSs) (n = 10), rZH501-SFSNSs (SFSNSs) (n = 10), rZH501-PTANSs (PTANSs) (n = 10), or rZH501-PTBNSs (PTBNSs) (n = 10). (a) Survival curves of infected mice are shown. (b) Body weight change at 3 dpi from 2 dpi in individual mice. Statistical differences were analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test (vs. rZH501, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01).
Figure 3. Early viral replication in mice infected with rZH501 and the mutants. Outbred CD1 mice (n = 3 per group) were mock-infected (PBS), or infected with 1 × 103 pfu (i.p) of rZH501, rZH501-ΔNSs16/198 (ΔNSs), rZH501-TOSNSs (TOSNSs), rZH501-SFSNSs (SFSNSs), rZH501-PTANSs (PTANSs), rZH501-PTBNSs (PTBNSs), or rZH501-ΔNSm21/384 (Δ78 kD/NSm). Virus titers in sera (a) or liver tissue (b) were measured by plaque assay. Total RNA was extracted from liver and spleen at 3 dpi. RVFV S-RNA copies per 1 μg total RNA in liver (c) or spleen (d) were measured by droplet digital PCR. Heparinized blood was used for VetScan Comprehensive Diagnostic Profile test. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (e) or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (f) levels in blood are shown. Graphs represent the mean and standard error. Asterisk (*) indicates that one sample was lost during the assay.
