Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in special populations: Solid organ transplant recipients, stem cell transplant recipients, and patients with hematologic malignancies

Figures & data

Table 1. Studies of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in solid organ transplant recipients.

Reference	Geographic Location	Incidence of Post-Transplant CRE Infection	Median Time from Transplant to CRE Infection	Type of Infection^a	Mortality Rate
Heart Transplants
^Citation20	Brazil	16.7% (2/12)	90 days	Bacteremia: 50% Pneumonia: 50%	50% (30-day)
Lung Transplants
^21^b	Pittsburgh	0.4% (2/546)	218 days	Bacteremia: 100%	0% (30-day)
^Citation22	Israel	5.9% (8/136)	27 days	Pneumonia: 38% UTI: 25% Bacteremia: 25%	88% (overall)
Liver Transplants
^Citation20	Brazil	12.9% (4/31)	16 days	Bacteremia: 100% Pneumonia: 25%	25% (30-day)
^21^b	Pittsburgh	1.3% (8/610)	24 days	Bacteremia: 100% Pneumonia: 50%	25% (30-day)
^Citation23	New York City	8% (14/175)	12 days	Bacteremia: 86% Peritonitis: 79%	71% (overall)50% (30-day)
^31^b	Greece	NR (17 cases)	13 days	Bacteremia: 100%	82% (ICU mortality)
^Citation24	New York City	6.6% (20/304)	11 days	SSI/intra-abdominal: 65% Bacteremia: 55%	45% (overall)
^Citation95	Italy	8.4% (20/237)	42 days	Bacteremia: 90% Pneumonia: 30%	45% (180-day)
Kidney Transplants
^Citation25	Brazil	1.9% (21/1101)	49 days	SSI: 48% Bacteremia: 39%	42% (30-day)
^Citation20	Brazil	26.3% (5/19)	17 days	UTI: 60% Bacteremia: 60%	60% (30-day)
^Citation26	Argentina	13.3% (6/45)	36 days	UTI: 83% Bacteremia: 17%	33% (overall)
^27^c	New York City	1.1% (20/1852)	47 days	Bacteriuria: 100%	30% (overall)
^Citation28	New York City	2.5% (13/522)	185 days	UTI: 69% Bacteremia: 38%	46% (overall)
^Citation30	Italy	NR (8 episodes)	NR	UTI: 100% Bacteremia: 100%	0% (30-day)
Intestinal Transplants
^21^b	Pittsburgh	5.4% (6/112)	209 days	Bacteremia: 100%	33% (30-day)

Notes. Abbreviations: CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae; UTI: urinary tract infection; NR, not reported; ICU, intensive care unit; SSI, surgical site infection

^a The 2 most common sites of infection are listed

^b The study evaluated episodes of CRE bacteremia only

^c The study evaluated episodes of CRE bacteriuria only

Table 2. Mortality rates after Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) Infections in patients with hematologic malignancies and haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients.

Ref.	Geographic Location	Patients (N)	CRE isolate(s)	Types of Infection	HSCT recipients (N)	Neutropenicpatients (N)	Overallmortality rate	CRE-related mortality rate
^Citation57	Italy 13 centers	161	K. pneumoniae	Bacteremia	NR	NR	52% 30-day	NR
^Citation64	Italy 52 centers	112	K. pneumoniae	Bacteremia (99)Pneumonia only (12)Skin (1)	112	84	52%30-day	54%
^Citation54	Italy 5 centers	89	K. pneumoniae KPC	NR	NR	70	40% 14-day	NR
^Citation56	New York City, USA2 centers	43	Enterobacteriaceae	Bacteremia	15	43	53% 30-day	51%
^Citation104	Sao Paolo, Brazil	19	K. pneumoniae KPC	Bacteremia (15)UTI (2)Other (2)	1	8	63% 30-day	NR
^Citation61	Istanbul, Turkey	16	EnterobacteriaceaeOXA-48-type	Bacteremia	NR	15	67% 28-day	NR
^Citation105	Cleveland, OH, USA	9	K. pneumoniae	Bacteremia	NR	6	33% 14-day	NR
^Citation98	Israel	8	K. pneumoniae	Bacteremia	5	7	50%	38%
^Citation106	Bethesda, MD, USA	6	K. pneumoniae	Bacteremia	4	NR	100%	67%

Note. Abbreviations: Ref, reference; N, number; NYC, New York City; KPC, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; OH, Ohio; MD, Maryland; NR, not reported.

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