Eicosanoid production by Candida parapsilosis and other pathogenic yeasts

Figures & data

Table 1. Eicosanoids produced by human pathogenic yeasts and genes identified for PGE₂ production in C. albicans, C. parapsilosis and C. neoformans.

Species	Eicosanoid	Genes identified for PGE2 production	References
C. albicans	3,18 di-HETE; 15-HETE; cysteinyl leukotrienes; LTB4; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2α; Resolvin1.	FET3, OLE2	7,9,10,11,17
C. dubliniensis	3,18 di-HETE, PGE2.		15
C. glabrata	PGE2		13
C. tropicalis	PGE2		13
C. parapsilosis	PGE2, PGD2, 15-k-PGE2	CPAR2_603600, CPAR2_800020, CPAR2_807710	44,45
C. neoformans	Cysteinyl leukotrienes; LTB4; PGD2; PGE2; PGF2α	LAC1, PLB2	8,10,24,25
P. brasiliensis	PGEx, LTB4		18, 19, 20
B. dermatitidis	PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, CysLT,LTB4		10
H. capsulatum	PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, CysLT, LTB4		10
S. schenckii	PGE2, PGD2, PGF2α, CysLT, LTB4		10

Figure 1. Schematic representation of eicosanoid biosynthesis, their production by fungi and the corresponding genes involved in their production.

Eicosanoid production from the precursor arachidonic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid. Besides mammals, cysteinyl leukotrienes, 3,18-diHETE, 15-HETE, PGD₂, PGF_2a, PGE₂, 15-keto-PGE₂ and resolvin-E1 are also produced by different pathogenic fungi. Although the exact biosynthetic pathways remain unknown, several fungal genes have been proposed to regulate their synthesis. These include FET3 and OLE2 in C. albicans, FET3 (CPAR2_603600), CPAR2_800020 and CPAR2_807710 in C. parapsilosis, and LAC1 and PLB1 in C. neoformans.