Edwardsiella piscicida: A versatile emerging pathogen of fish

Figures & data

Table 1. Edwardsiella strains used by researchers in the literature.

Edwardsiella strain	Isolated from; characteristics^a	Reference
E. piscicida ET883^T (NCIMB 14824^T, CCUG 62,929)	European eel, Anguilla anguilla; Greaker, Norway	[12]
E. piscicida EIB202 (CCTCC M208068)	Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus; Mariculture farm, Yantai, China; Col^r Cm^r Tc^r	[85]
E. piscicida PPD130/91	Ornamental fish, Serpae tetra; PPD, Singapore; Km^s Col^r Amp^s	[22,29]
E. anguillarum ET080813^T	Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica; Fujian, China	[13]
E. hoshinae ATCC33379^T	Female puffin, Fratercula arctica; France	[5]
E. ictaluri ATCC33202^T	Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; Georgia, USA	[6]
E. ictaluri 93–146	Channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus; Baton Rouge, USA	[7]
E. tarda ATCC15947^T	Human feces; Kentucky, USA	[10]
E. tarda TX1*	Japanese flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus; Tc^r; Qingdao, China	[8]

^aResistant (r) or susceptible (s) to Amp (ampicillin); Col (colistin); Km (kanamycin); Cm (chloramphenicol); Tc (tetracycline).

*This E. tarda strain has a T3SS [9] and may belong to E. piscicida based on the analysis by Yang et al. [14].

Figure 1. Caco-2 cells showing successful internalization of E. piscicida PPD130/91. Caco-2 cells were infected with wild type PPD130/91 for 6 h at 35°C. Edwardsiella-containing vacuoles (ECVs) with internalized bacteria are clearly visible under phase microscopy. Scale bar = 10 μm.

Figure 2. Virulence regulators and crosstalk among the different regulators in E. piscicida. Two-component systems and other global regulators control the delivery of the effectors of T3SS and T6SS, and other virulent factors in response to external environmental stimuli. Green lines indicate activation and red lines indicate inhibition.

Table 2. T3SS and T6SS effectors in E. piscicida EIB202.

#	Protein name or tag #	T3SS or T6SS effector	Function	Location	Reference
1	ETAE_0866, EseG	T3SS	Interact with α-tubulin and disassemble microtubule	Membrane	[23,34,71,72]
2	ETAE_0888, EseJ	T3SS	Inhibit adhesion and promote intracellular replication, decrease ROS production		[32,71,72]
3	ETAE_1586, EseK	T3SS	Inhibit MAPK activation, promote colonization in zebrafish larvae		[24,71,72]
4	ETAE_1604	T3SS	Hypothetical protein		[72]
5	ETAE_1757, EseH/EseN*	T3SS	Phosphothreonine lyase, inhibit MAPK signalling pathway	Nucleus	[71,72,84]
6	ETAE_2186, Trxlp	T3SS	Thioredoxin-like, promote inflammasome NLRC4 activation		[72,73]
7	ETAE_2188	T3SS	Hypothetical protein		[72]
8	ETAE_3282	T3SS	Hypothetical protein		[72]
9	ETAE_1303, EseL	T6SS	Major cold shock protein?		[71]
10	ETAE_2316, EseM	T6SS	Major cold shock protein?		[71]
11	ETAE_2428, EvpP	T6SS	Prevent NLRP3 inflammasome activation, promote colonization in mice	Membrane	[71,77]
12	ETAE_2438, EvpJ	T6SS	Hypothetical protein		[72]

*Two names were assigned for the same effector [71,72].

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