Versatile lifestyles of Edwardsiella: Free-living, pathogen, and core bacterium of the aquatic resistome

Figures & data

Figure 1. Edwardsiella, a water-living bacterium that adapts to free- and host-living lifestyles and is core to the aquatic resistome. (ARGs = antibiotic resistance genes; HGT = horizontal gene transfer; MGEs = mobile genetic elements).

Table 1. Antibiotic families and antibiotic resistance genes of Edwardsiella from the literature and NCBI

Antibiotic families^1	ARGs in plasmids^2 or chromosomes^3	Antibiotics resistance from literature^5
1. β-lactam	blaCMY-2^2; ampC^3, ampE^3, mrdA^3, mepA^3	Amoxicillin, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, cefoxitin, cefaclor
2. Aminoglycoside	strA^2, strB^2, kan^2, aph(3”)-Ib^2, aph(6)-Ia^2, aph(3ʹ)-Ia^2, ant(3”)-Ia^2, aadA1^2	Streptomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, tobramycin, amikacin
3. Tetracycline	tetA^2, tetR^2, tetD^2, tetM^2; tetB^3, tetG^3	Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline
4. Macrolide	mphA^2	Erythromycin, spiramycin, azitromycin, oleandomycin
5. Sulfonamide	sul1^2, sul2^2; sulA^3, sul1^3	sulfamethoxazole
6. Amphenicol	catA3^2, catA^2, cat2^2, floR^2	Florfenicol, chloramphenicol
7. Quinolone		Flumequine, oxolinic acid, novobiocin, ofloxacin, nalidixic acid, ciproflaxin
8. Trimethoprim	dfrA5^4, dfrA7^4, dfrA12^4, dfrA1^2, dfrA12^2, dhfr1^2; dfrA12^3	Trimethoprim
9. Glycopeptide		Vancomycin
10. Polypeptide		Bacitracin
11. Multidrug	emrA^3, emrB^3, emrD^3, mdtC^3, mdtI^3, mdtJ^3, mdtH^3, acrD^3, acrR^3, mdtD^3, tolR^3
12. Polymyxin	mcr^3	Colistin
13. Lincosamide		Linocomycin, clindamycin
14. Rifamycin		Rifampin

¹16 families of antibiotics as described by Dos Santos et al. [68], and the last two groups not in table are: phosphonic acid and others.

²References for the ARG subtypes on plasmids: 13, 16, 19, 79, 100–104. Some can be only found in NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov): pEI3, NC_020280.1; pEI-MS-17-156-1, NZ_CP028814.1; pETW41, NZ_CP019441.1; pEP-S07-348-1, NZ_CM009826.1; pET-LADL88-209-2, NZ_CM009829.1. Most of the ARG subtypes are plasmid-encoded.

³Denotes the ARG subtypes encoded on chromosomes. The five chromosomes used are from E. anguillarum ET080813 (NZ_CP006664.1); E. ictaluri 93–146 (NC_012779.2); E. piscicida EIB202 chromosome (NC_013508.1); and two from E. tarda FL95-01 (NZ_CP011359.1) and KC-PC-HB1 (NZ_CP023706.1).

⁴Some ARG subtypes are not clearly delineated as chromosome- or plasmid-encoded.

⁵References for the ARG phenotypes 11,13,16,19,79,80,100–106.

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