How hegemony works: the fate of a presidential initiative

Figures & data

Table 1. Suggestions in the Seeds of Innovation essays.

No.	Pagination in source	Suggestion	Type
Basu (2012)
1	855	AAA to issue triennial research challenges identifying fundamental questions for an open competition leading to invited presentations and publication	Infrastructural
2	855	AAA to offer awards for innovative research papers and a career of innovation	Infrastructural
3	855–856	AAA to sponsor prizes for specified innovations in methods	Infrastructural
4	856	AAA to sponsor or create open archives/databases for underexplored areas	Infrastructural
5	856	AAA to solicit/commission research studies/histories of ideas	Infrastructural
6	856	AAA to sponsor recorded interviews/lectures with major innovators	Infrastructural
7	856	AAA to publish a list of important dates in accounting history	Infrastructural
8	856	AAA to publicise accounting history resources	Infrastructural
9	859	Change role model from applied science to engineering	Methodological
10	859	Field test new accounting methods in particular countries/industries (abolishing standardisation would advance this)	Methodological
11	859	Littleton’s (1953) inductive method is ‘likely to provide workable solutions to existing problems’	Methodological
12	859	AAA and partners to create business and practice research internships	Infrastructural
13	860	The Accounting Review to publish qualitative papers with separate editor	Infrastructural
14	860	Non-accounting academics to guest author papers on other relevant disciplines	Infrastructural
15	860	AAA annual meetings to include a distinguished lecture from another discipline	Infrastructural
16	862	Journals to impose strict word limits on papers/reintroduce notes	Infrastructural
17	862	Journals to provide guidelines for informative abstracts	Infrastructural
18	862	Journals to use online only appendices for supporting data	Infrastructural
19	862	Authors to be required to make underlying datasets and code available online	Infrastructural
20	863	Authors to use graphical methods in preference to tables	Methodological
21	863	AAA editors to be trained in graphical methods	Infrastructural
22	863	AAA to create a prize for best graphic	Infrastructural
23	863	Journals to have attractive covers (graphics, artwork etc.) to encourage readership	Infrastructural
24	863–864	AAA to establish a new journal to ‘fill a gap between the general-interest press and most other academic journals’	Infrastructural
25	852/865	Return the focus of accounting research to fundamental questions/domains beyond those captured in machine-readable databases	Contextual
26	865	Encourage junior staff to question conventional wisdom	Infrastructural
27	865	Improve training in the history of accounting thought	Infrastructural
Chapman (2012)
28	Passim	Advances the case for greater research diversity and specifically interpretive and sociology of radical change research	Interdisciplinary
29	830	Methodological training should be included in PhD programmes	Infrastructural
30	830	Functionalist and non-functionalist researchers should make efforts to render their work familiar to the other	Infrastructural
31	830	Editorial teams should be diversified by approach to assure quality	Infrastructural
McCarthy (2012)
32	834–839	Introduce normative design science into AIS from MIS	Methodological
33	839–841	Foster seers among junior staff	Infrastructural
34	839–841	Foster tolerance among senior staff	Infrastructural
Moser (2012)
35	848	Include novelty of thinking in assessment of doctoral applicants	Infrastructural
36	848	Faculty to be open to novel thinking by doctoral students	Infrastructural
37	848	Senior faculty to set example by being innovative	Infrastructural
38	848	Editors and reviewers to include innovation in appraisal criteria	Infrastructural
39	848	Encourage involvement of consumers of research	Infrastructural
40	848	Interdisciplinary collaboration	Interdisciplinary
41	848	Make the case for innovation where the opportunity arises	Infrastructural
42	848	Support journals publishing innovative work	Infrastructural
43	848–849	AAA to encourage editors of AAA journals to publish innovative work	Infrastructural
44	849	AAA to establish awards for innovative work	Infrastructural
45	849	AAA leaders to advance the case for innovation	Infrastructural
Waymire (2012a)
		Introduces the above papers but does not contain proposals
Waymire (2012b) – Author’s proposals
46	1079	Encourage early career researchers to include projects outside the mainstream in their research activity	Infrastructural
47	1079	Review processes to place more emphasis on fundamental questions	Infrastructural
48	1080	Journals to publish more debate	Infrastructural
49	1080	Journals to publish more replication studies	Infrastructural
50	1091	Improve reliability of interpretation of citation analyses	Methodology
51	1091	Embraces Hopwood’s (2007, 1373) suggestion that ‘[t]he AAA should set itself the objective of becoming an exemplar of intellectual openness and thereby innovation’.	Infrastructural
Waymire (2012b) – Summary of proposals emerging from the May 2011 AAA Strategic Retreat^a
52	1089	AAA to promote scholarships for innovative doctoral work	Infrastructural
53	1089	AAA to archive presentations at its meetings	Infrastructural
54	1089	AAA to provide a data repository on doctoral programmes	Infrastructural
55	1089	AAA to recognise doctoral programmes implementing noteworthy practices	Infrastructural
56	1089	Recruit to doctoral programmes students likely to be willing to confront difficult questions	Infrastructural
57	1090	Link journal content to online content to promote debate and replication studies	Infrastructural
58	1090	Increase accessibility of journals by cutting article length and publishing technical material online	Infrastructural
59	1090	Add sections to existing journals for innovative material of unknown potential	Infrastructural
60	1090	Training in innovation awareness for reviewers	Infrastructural
61	1090	AAA doctoral/new faculty consortia-style retreats for senior faculty	Infrastructural
62	1090	AAA to sponsor ‘mini-retreats’ to bring together scholars with compatible interests to define a work agenda	Infrastructural
63	1090	Retreats with practitioners to identify questions of current importance and set a research agenda	Infrastructural
64	1090	Faculty internships in practice	Infrastructural
65	1090	AAA to identify occasional major issues needing more research with prizes and publication for the best papers	Infrastructural
66	1090	AAA journals to publish ‘brief historical anecdotes’ in each issue to raise historical awareness	Infrastructural
67	1090	Identify papers/monographs with the highest impact over time	Infrastructural

Note:

^(a) The summary also includes a proposal for an AAA study group to prepare a report on the current state of scholarship, setting out proposals for improvement. For the purposes of the present exercise, this would be classified as hortatory and thus excluded from the table.

Table 2. Citations of the Seeds of Innovation essays.

	Number	Per cent
Number of works citing each Seeds of Innovation essay^a
Basu (2012)	75	30.2
Chapman (2012)	38	15.3
McCarthy (2012)	34	13.7
Moser (2012)	55	22.2
Waymire (2012a)	15	6.0
Waymire (2012b)	31	12.5
Total	248	100.0
Number of Seeds of Innovation essays cited by each work
1	86	58.5
2	39	26.5
3	11	7.5
4	4	2.7
5	7	4.8
6	0	0.0
Total	147	100.0
Nature of the works citing Seeds of Innovation essays
Innovative studies	39	26.5
Hortatory or infrastructural	64	43.6
Citations are peripheral or incidental	44	29.9
Total	147	100.0

Note:

^(a) Multiple references to the same paper are counted as a single citation.

Table 3. Characteristics of works citing the Seeds of Innovation essays.

	Total		Innovative studies		Other contributions to the debate
	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent	Number	Per cent
Year of publication
2013	11	7.5	5	12.8	4	6.3
2014	12	8.2	2	5.1	6	9.4
2015	20	13.6	5	12.8	11	17.2
2016	18	12.2	6	15.4	8	12.5
2017	14	9.5	4	10.3	7	10.9
2018	16	10.9	3	7.7	7	10.9
2019	12	8.2	2	5.1	6	9.4
2020	21	14.3	5	12.8	7	10.9
2021	22	15.0	6	15.4	8	12.5
Undated	1	0.7	1	2.6	0	0.0
Total	147	100.0	39	100.0	64	100.0
Type of outlet
Journal articles	104	70.7	21	53.8	60	93.8
Of which: US	36	24.5	6	15.4	24	37.5
Working papers	19	12.9	8	20.5	2	3.1
Theses/dissertations	19	12.9	7	17.9	1	1.6
Books/book chapters	5	3.4	3	7.7	1	1.6
Total	147	100.0	39	100.0	64	100.0
Journal rating for journal articles^a
4	5	4.8	1	4.8	3	5.0
3	37	35.6	8	38.1	25	41.7
2	31	29.8	4	19.0	15	25.0
1	10	9.6	3	14.3	5	8.3
Unrated	21	20.2	5	23.8	12	20.0
Total	104	100.0	21	100.0	60	100.0
Mean rating	1.95		1.86		2.03
Downstream citations^b to works citing the Seeds of Innovation essays
Mean	21.5		18.7		26.7
Median	8		2		15
1–2	25		10		4
0	28		11		3

Notes:

^(a) Using the UK Chartered Association of Business Schools’ latest (2021) Academic Journal Guide ratings (4 = highest).

^(b) That is, other studies citing the studies that cite Seeds of Innovation essays – as recorded by GoogleScholar (without adjusting for non-English language items etc., so the figures are not directly comparable to numbers of citations given elsewhere in the tables).

Table 4. Contributions to the debate citing the Seeds of Innovation essays.

	Applied	Speculative	Total	Mean citations	Per cent journals	Mean journal rating	Per cent US journals^a
Innovative studies
Conceptual	1	7	8	2.6	50.0	0.8	0.0
Methodological	3	5	8	43.0	62.5	2.4	20.0
Interdisciplinary	10	9	19	14.8	52.6	2.3	40.0
Of which:
Human sciences	6	5	11
Management and information sciences	4	2	6
The case for multidisciplinary research	0	2	2
Contextual	2	2	4	20.5	50.0	0.5	25.0
Total	16	23	39
Other contributions to the debate
Hortatory			25	23.0	96.0	2.0	37.5
Infrastructural			39	29.1	92.3	2.1	41.7
Total			64
All works			147	21.5	70.7	2.0	34.6

Note:

^(a) US journals as a percentage of all journals.

Table 5. Content of papers in the Journal of Financial Reporting.

Pp.	Paper^a	Topic^b	Classification^c
			Content^d	Theory^e	Method^f
2016 – Vol. 1, no. 1
1–13	Schrand	Commentary – exclude
15–32	Armstrong et al.	Asymmetric reporting under CAPM	DAR	Finance	Anal mod
33–35	Wagenhofer	Commentary – exclude
37–59	Casey et al.	Articulation of Compustat financial statement data	CFAP	No explicit	Anal mod
61–63	Hribar	Commentary – exclude
65–95	Heflin et al.	Cost of capital benefits from higher quality disclosure	Other MBAR	Finance	Reg/econ
97–99	Welker	Commentary – exclude
101–123	Lundholm and Rogo	Statistical properties of analysts’ forecasts	AFID	Finance	Reg/econ
125–126	Barron	Commentary – exclude
127–129	Lee	Commentary – exclude
131–136	Libby and Rennekamp	Repetition of a study by the same authors, appearing in a different journal, that had become a matter of concern – exclude
137–142	Anderson and Hopkins	Commentary – exclude
143–151	Easton	Commentary – exclude
153–158	Ryan	Commentary – exclude
2016 – Vol. 1, no. 2
1–19	Nagar and Petacchi	Modelling reporting quality	DAR	PAT	Anal mod
21–45	Laurion and Patatoukas	Aggregating conditional conservatism	FRR	Finance	Reg/econ
47–58	Chen et al.	Commentary – exclude
59–64	Caskey and Corona	Commentary – exclude
2017 – Vol. 2, no. 1
1–29	Hand et al.	Use of residual income valuation by analysts	AFID	Finance	Reg/econ
31–61	Bushee et al.	Investor benefit from selective access to management	AFID	Finance	Reg/econ
63–68	Frankel	Commentary – exclude
69–93	Larocque and Lyle	Properties of implied cost of equity capital	FRR	Finance	Reg/econ
95–106	Wang	Commentary – exclude
107–131	Cazier and Pfeiffer	Disclosure repetition in 10-K reports	DAR	PAT	Reg/econ
133–138	Dyer et al.	Commentary – exclude
2018 – Vol. 3, no. 1
1–22	Barth et el.	Effect of voluntary IFRS adoption	ASR	Finance	Reg/econ
23–44	Billings et al.	Measurement of conservatism	FRR	Finance	Reg/econ
47–71	Burks	Donors’ and directors’ reaction to financial reporting problems in NFPs	PSPI^g	No explicit	Reg/econ
73–92	Guay and Verrecchia	Modelling the effect of conservative disclosure	DAR	Finance	Anal mod
93–116	Kabir and Rahman	IASB’s use of the conceptual framework in designing standards	ASR	TNAC	Disc reason
117–126	Zeff	History of FASB	Acc His	Trad hum sc	Doc evidence
127–130	Swieringa	Commentary – exclude
2019 – Vol. 4, no. 1
1–23	Clinch et al.	Disclosure of bad news in the face of short-selling	DAR	PAT	Reg/econ
25–36	Deller	Obtaining archival data from the field	FRR	No explicit	Disc reason
37–57	Fanning et al.	Investor response to language of earnings guidance	DAR	Trad hum sc	Experiment
59–92	Friedman	Effect of confidence in disclosure quality on market development	DAR	Finance	Reg/econ
93–116	Hill and Ruch	Characteristics of employee stock options	ASR	Finance	Reg/econ
117–139	Johnson	Effect of disclosure arrangements on management behaviour	DAR	Trad hum sc	Experiment
141–156	Lail et al.	Mispricing of accruals	FAVM	Finance	Reg/econ
157–171	Clor-Proell et al.	Analyst reaction to disaggregating forecasts and outturn	DAR	Trad hum sc	Experiment
2019 – Vol. 4, no. 2
1–31	Amel-Zadeh et al.	Preparation of disclosures	DAR	No explicit	Questionnaire
33–59	Balsam and Song	Impact of SFAS123R on compensation arrangements	ASR	PAT	Reg/econ
61–88	Bozanic et al.	Analyst contrarianism	AFID	Finance	Reg/econ
89–113	Long et al.	Disclosure behaviour around cross-listings	DAR	Finance	Reg/econ
115–140	Lee and Steele	Relationship between debt structure and conservatism	EMAC	Finance	Reg/econ
2020 – Vol. 5, no. 1
1–24	Balakrishnan et al.	Relationship between analyst recommendations and stock price bubbles	MRES	Finance	Reg/econ
25–50	Blankespoor and deHaan	Strategic disclosure and CEO media visibility	DAR	No explicit	Reg/econ
51–64	Elliott et al.	Disclosure language and home bias in investing	DAR	Trad hum sc	Experiment
65–80	Levi and Zhang	Trading after earnings announcements	MRES	Finance	Reg/econ
81–114	Pierce	Determinants and consequences of firms’ derivative accounting decisions	MRES	Finance	Reg/econ
115–134	Smith et al.	Earnings management and employees’ option strategy	EMAC	PAT	Reg/econ
2021 – Vol. 6, no. 1
1–31	Boyle et al.	Financial statement error in quarterly v. annual statements	ASR	PAT	Reg/econ
33–54	Call et al.	Characteristics and implications of long-term earnings guidance	AFID	Finance	Reg/econ
55–85	Chava et al.	Signalling through dynamic thresholds in financial covenants	MRES	Other econ th	Reg/econ
87–107	Hutton and Stocken	Statistical modelling of the relationship between accuracy of prior forecasts and investor reaction to a subsequent forecast	MRES	Finance	Reg/econ
109–135	Kubric	Factors affecting post-acquisition fair value adjustments	ASR	PAT	Reg/econ
137–162	Ma et al.	Financial reporting quality and noise in stock returns	MRES	Finance	Reg/econ
2021 – Vol. 6, no. 2
1–18	Cheynel and Ziv	Mathematical modelling of corporate economic behaviour	DAR	Other econ th	Anal mod
19–44	Cho et al.	Relationship between voluntary disclosure and managerial compensation	DAR	PAT	Reg/econ
45–61	Cikurel et al.	Psychology of investor response to disclosure strategies	DAR	Trad hum sc	Experiment
63–87	Donelson et al.	Statistical association between directors’ insurance and accounting-related agency costs	DAR	Finance	Reg/econ
89–109	Guggenmos and Bennett	Effect of company image and communication platform on investor information processing	DAR	Trad hum sc	Experiment
111–128	Siriviriyakul	Relationship between real earnings management and opportunism v. fundamental factors	FRR	Math & st th	Reg/econ
129–141	White and Webb	Methodological guidance – exclude

Notes:

^(a) To save space, papers are not included in the reference list but sufficient information is given here to identify them. A full list of references is available from the author on request.

^(b) Commentary includes editorial matter and perspective pieces.

^(c) Using the scheme employed by Brown and Jones (2015).

^(d) Acc His = Accounting history; ASR = Accounting standards and regulation; AFID = Analysts’ forecasts and investor decisions; CFAP = Conceptual framework and accounting principles; DAR = Disclosure and annual reports; EMAC = Earnings management and accounting choices; FAVM = Fundamental analysis and valuation models; FRR = Financial reporting research; MRES = Market reaction and event studies; Other MBAR = Other market-based accounting research; PSPI = Public sector and privatised industries.

^(e) Finance = Finance theories; Math & st th = Maths and statistics theories; No explicit = Papers with no explicit theory; Other econ th = Other economic theories; PAT = Positive accounting theory; Trad hum sc = Traditional human sciences; TNAC = Traditional normative accounting concepts.

^(f) Anal mod = Analytical modelling (may include empirical analysis); Disc reason = Discursive reasoning; Doc evidence = Documentary evidence; Experiment = Experiment; Questionnaire = Questionnaire; Reg/econ = Regression/econometric models.

^(g) Actually third sector.

Table 6. Innovation in papers in the Journal of Financial Reporting.

Vol.	No.	Paper^a	Contribution defined in relation to prior literature?	Specimen precursor study^b	Innovatory move?
1	1	Armstrong et al.	‘Having provided an overview … we now discuss how our model relates to some prior and contemporaneous theory work’ (18)	Titman and Trueman (1986), JAE	Widening MBAR
		Casey et al.	‘This study builds on and adds to three strands of accounting literature’ (39)	Christodoulou and McLean (2014), CAR	Widening MBAR
		Heflin et al.	‘we conclude that the inferences reached in three prominent prior studies … are all robust to controlling for earnings quality’ (92)	Francis et al. (2008), JAR
		Lundholm and Rogo	No: ‘there is no prior research on excess volatility in analyst forecasts’ (103)	None	Widening MBAR
1	2	Nagar and Petacchi	No: ‘Our approach … is a considerable departure from traditional … models’ (13)	Lambert et al. (2007), JAR	Widening MBAR
		Laurion and Patatoukas	‘In this paper, we revisit evidence … and evaluate the construct validity of … ‘ (21–22)	Crawley (2015), TAR	Methodological
2	1	Hand et al.	‘We contribute to the literature on … by providing the first direct evidence on [its] use … by … ‘ (1)	Gleason et al. (2013), CAR	Contextual
		Bushee et al.	‘While prior work tends to conclude … we find … ’ (33)	Frankel et al. (1999), JAR
		Larocque and Lyle	‘We add to the literature that examines the validity of … ‘ (70)	Vuolteenaho (2002), JOF
		Cazier and Pfeiffer	‘This study contributes to recent academic literature … . Our study suggests that an additional important determinant … is … . Although … find that … [o]ur study suggests that … ’ (109)	Li (2008), JAE	Widening MBAR
3	1	Barth et el.	‘Following prior research … ’ (2)	Barth et al. (2012), JAE	Widening MBAR
		Billings et al.	‘In light of this research, we … ’ (23)	Khan and Watts (2009), JAE	Methodological
		Burks	Partial: ‘Prior studies provide evidence … but much remains to be learned … ’ (47)	Aggarwal et al. (2012), JAE	Widening MBAR
		Guay and Verrecchia	No: ‘Although there have been numerous attempts in the accounting literature to … our approach has two advantages’ (74)	Jung and Kwon (1988), JAR	Contextual
		Kabir and Rahman	No: ‘we are not aware of any empirical study that examines … . To fill this gap in the … literature, we … ’ (94)	None	Conceptual – classical
		Zeff	No	Zeff (2015), JAPP	Methodological/ Historical methods
4	1	Clinch et al.	‘Our research complements previous research … . In addition, our findings … are consistent with … [a prior study]. Finally, our finding … is also in line with the findings from related research … ’ (3)	Massa et al. (2015b), RFS	Widening MBAR
		Deller	No	Floyd and List (2016), JAR	Methodological/ Field studies
		Fanning et al.	‘Our study makes several contributions to accounting research. First, we extend the disclosure literature in accounting (e.g. [prior studies]) by … . Second, our results contribute to research on … (e.g. [prior studies]) and … (e.g. [a prior study]). Finally, our findings extend the accounting literature on … (e.g. [prior studies]) by … ’ (39)	Barton and Mercer (2005), JAE	Communication/ information processing
		Friedman	‘In contrast to prior results … the results do not … . Overall, the sensitivity of inferences … is consistent with results reported by [a prior study]. The stronger association … may be surprising, given that … [prior studies] and that … [prior studies] (83). ‘The potentially positive role of … is consistent with several recent studies … ’ (87)	Djankov et al. (2007), JFE	Widening MBAR
		Hill and Ruch	‘In this study, we extend [a prior study] by examining … ’ (94)	Barth et al. (2013), RAS	Widening MBAR
		Johnson	Partial: ‘This study also makes two contributions to the accounting literature … . First, prior accounting research indicates … . I contribute to this literature by … Second, prior accounting studies … suggest … . My results … (118–119)	Turner (2001), JAR	Communication/ information processing
		Lail et al.	‘The primary contribution [of the study] is to reexamine the conclusions in [a prior study]’ (142)	Richardson et al. (2005), JAE
		Clor-Proell et al.	Partial: ‘At first blush, our study looks similar to that of [a prior study] … . In contrast to our design, [that study] … Thus, these complementary studies … answer very different research questions’ (159)	Hirst et al. (2007), JAR	Communication/ information processing
4	2	Amel-Zadeh et al.	Our paper offers a number of contributions to the disclosure literature. Perhaps most significantly, our analysis … . In doing so, we build on recent work by [a prior study]’ (3)	Brown et al. (2019), JAE	Communication/ information processing
		Balsam and Song	‘Prior literature has documented … . Extending this literature, this paper investigates … (33)	Choudhary et al. (2009), JAR	Widening MBAR
		Bozanic et al.	‘The collective findings in this study contribute to several streams of the analyst literature. First, while the analyst literature is voluminous [prior studies], our study extends this literature … Second, our analysis … contributes to the … literature [prior studies]. Third, our study adds to recent research … . We view our study as complementary to these studies’ (63)	Clement and Tse (2005), JOF	Methodology/ Multi-methodology
		Long et al.	‘Our paper contributes to the literature in several ways. First, this study documents a specific mechanism that contributes to previously documented [findings] … Second, our findings add to research … Third, this study expands examination … Finally, our focus … provides important evidence on … . Prior studies find … ‘ (90–91)	Bae et al. (2008), TAR	Widening MBAR
		Lee and Steele	‘We build on prior studies … . ‘ (115). ‘Our study contributes to the extant literature in several ways’ (117)	Zhang (2008), JAE	Widening MBAR
5	1	Balakrishnan et al.	‘Our study contributes to the still evolving literature on … We complement prior work by exploring … . Our findings also relate to studies that examine … We also build on recent studies that … ’ (4)	Brunnermeier and Nagel (2004), JOF
		Blankespoor and deHaan	‘Our study contributes to two streams of research. The first contribution is to the literature examining … Our second contribution is to the literature examining … ’ (27)	Kang and Kim (2017), OS	Communication/ information processing
		Elliott et al.	‘In this study we extend [a prior study]’ (51)	Elliott et al. (2015), RAS	Communication/ information processing
		Levi and Zhang	‘The paper makes several contributions to the literature. First, we contribute to the literature on … Second, the paper contributes to the literature on … Finally, this paper contributes to the literature that … ’ (66)	Cao et al. (2000), JOF
		Pierce	‘Although many studies examine derivative accounting generally, this study is one of the first to … My results suggest that the unexpected finding in prior studies … may be due to … My … findings also add to the … literature … Second, I extend prior research on … Third, I add to the … literature … ’ (83–84)	Hodder et al. (2006), TAR
		Smith et al.	‘Overall, our results add to the literature linking … as well as research examining … .’ (133)	Aboody et al. (2008), RAS
6	1	Boyle et al.	‘We contribute to prior literature … by … . Our results also contribute to the literature examining … . Although prior research suggests … Our examination provides … . Also, prior research … . In contrast, we … Finally, our paper builds upon recent research that … ’ (3–4)	Schroeder and Shepardson (2016), TAR (Limited)	Widening MBAR
		Call et al.	‘Our paper has important practical implications and extends the … literature in meaningful ways. First, we provide new evidence on … that is not well understood in the literature … Second, we offer timely evidence on … . While prior studies examine … we take a different approach … . Finally, our study informs the ongoing conversation on … ’ (35)	Call et al. (2014), RAS
		Chava et al.	‘Our study attempts to fill the gap in the literature on … We also add to the literature on … ’ (57)	Li et al. (2016), JAE
		Hutton and Stocken	‘In the more than ten years since [this paper] was circulated, the literature examining … has expanded substantially. For more recent work that further develops ideas in this paper, see [five studies] among others’ (87, note 1)	Williams, P.A. (1996), TAR
		Kubric	‘My paper makes the following contributions to the literature. First, my research extends the literature on … Second, I contribute to the literature on … . Third, I contribute to the literature on … Finally, this analysis may be useful to … ’ (111)	Shalev et al. (2013), JAR (Limited)	Widening MBAR
		Ma et al.	‘Our paper contributes to a growing literature on … ’ (139)	Callen et al. (2013), CAR
6	2	Cheynel and Ziv	‘ … it is not a surprise that continuing disagreements in the empirical literature … still exist. The empirical results are weak or mixed [six prior studies]. Our paper attempts to fill this gap by … ’ (1–2)	Friedman et al. (2016), RAS (Limited)	Communication/ information processing
		Cho et al.	‘Our study adds to the … literature suggesting … . While prior studies generally suggest … our findings suggest … We also extend studies … Last, our study also adds to the literature that … ‘ (21–22)	Nagar et al. (2003), JAE	Methodological
		Cikurel et al.	‘Overall, our results demonstrate an important exception to the common conclusion that … (e.g. [three prior studies]) and should … ([two prior studies]) (47)	Rennekamp (2012), JAR (Limited)	Communication/ information processing
		Donelson et al.	‘Overall, our findings differ from prior research … ’ (65)	Chung et al. (2015), JAPP	Widening MBAR
		Guggenmos and Bennett	‘This study contributes to previous literature in multiple ways. First, we complement prior … research … . Our work also builds on research investigating … and on a growing … literature … We build on prior accounting studies that examine … Prior archival research has explored … . Our study extends this literature by … . We also contribute to research on … As a methodological contribution, we … ’ (90–91)	Rennekamp (2012), JAR	Communication/ information processing
		Siriviriyakul	‘In this paper, I empirically assess three attributes of … proxies … . For traditional … proxies in … , I find that … . I examine five adjusted … proxies found in the literature and find that … ’ (124)	Roychowdhury (2006), JAE	Methodological

Notes:

^(a) For further publication details, see Table 5.

^(b) To save space, papers are not included in the reference list. Bibliographical information is available in the paper surveyed and data are as given in the citation in that paper, including any disambiguating letter in the date of publication and author’s initials where multiple authors with the same surname are cited in the paper surveyed. A full list of references is available from the author on request. Journal abbreviations (with country and rating using the UK Chartered Association of Business Schools’ latest (2021) Academic Journal Guide (4 = highest)): CAR = Contemporary Accounting Research (Canadian, 4); JAE = Journal of Accounting and Economics (US, 4); JAPP = Journal of Accounting and Public Policy (US, 3); JAR = Journal of Accounting Research (US, 4); JOF = Journal of Finance (US, 4); JFE = Journal of Financial Economics (US, 4); OS = Organization Science (US, 4); RAS = Review of Accounting Studies (US, 4); RFS = Review of Financial Studies (US, 4); TAR = Accounting Review (US, 4).

Table 7. Sources in the Journal of Financial Reporting.

	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	Total
Number of articles	18	7	7	13	6	13	64
Number of references	503	350	283	613	301	778	2828
	%	%	%	%	%	%	%
References to extrinsic journal sources^a
The Accounting Review	13.6	14.5	13.3	15.1	12.5	15.4	14.4
Journal of Accounting and Economics	14.3	11.5	20.0	15.7	11.0	14.0	14.3
Journal of Accounting Research	14.6	14.9	10.3	14.1	9.5	11.5	12.7
Review of Accounting Studies	6.0	11.2	4.6	3.3	3.4	4.1	5.0
Contemporary Accounting Research	5.8	5.9	3.1	2.9	1.9	5.7	4.4
Accounting Horizons	3.3	2.2	11.3	2.7	0.4	1.4	2.9
All other accounting journals^b	5.7	2.6	21.5	5.0	1.8	7.6	6.6
All accounting journals	63.3	62.8	84.1	58.8	40.5	59.7	60.3
Journal of Finance	5.0	9.3	2.6	8.1	19.7	4.4	7.5
Journal of Financial Economics	3.3	7.8	0.5	8.9	11.4	5.5	6.4
Review of Financial Studies	3.3	1.9	0.5	3.5	4.9	3.9	3.3
All other finance journals^b	3.5	5.9	3.1	5.2	8.3	4.7	5.1
All finance journals	15.1	24.9	6.7	25.7	44.3	18.5	22.3
Economics journals	15.3	7.4	5.1	5.4	6.1	7.7	8.1
Business and management journals	2.8	2.2	3.1	4.1	5.7	5.3	4.1
Psychology journals	1.5	1.5	0.0	4.3	1.9	4.1	2.8
Statistics journals	0.5	0.4	0.0	0.4	0.0	1.7	0.7
Law journals	0.0	0.0	1.0	0.8	0.0	1.1	0.6
All other disciplines^c	1.5	0.8	0.0	0.5	1.5	1.9	1.1
All journals other than accounting and finance	21.6	12.3	9.2	15.5	15.2	21.8	17.4
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
All sources
Extrinsic journal sources	79.1	76.9	68.9	84.3	87.7	81.9	80.6
Non-journal sources^d	16.7	22.0	30.7	15.5	12.0	17.7	18.3
Journal of Financial Reporting	4.2	1.1	0.4	0.2	0.3	0.4	1.1
Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

Notes:

^(a) Articles in journals other than the Journal of Financial Reporting.

^(b) Journals representing less than 1 per cent of all references to extrinsic journal sources overall.

^(c) Disciplines representing less than 1 per cent of all references to extrinsic journal sources overall.

^(d) Including books, dissertations, working papers, technical pronouncements and non-academic publications such as professional magazines and newspapers.

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