Cathepsin gene expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese/overweight humans

Figures & data

Table 1. Participants’ characteristics

	MEAN±SEM	RANGE
Male/female	61(42 obese)/16(8 obese)
Age (years)	52 ± 2	21–69
Weight (kg)	94.8 ± 1.4	69.4–122.0
Height (m)	1.75 ± 0.01	1.52–1.92
BMI (kg/m^2)	30.9 ± 0.3	25.6–38.6
Waist (cm)	104 ± 1	77–126
Hip (cm)	106 ± 1	89–125
WHR	0.98 ± 0.01	0.70–1.22
Fasting glucose (mM)	5.7 ± 0.1	4.5–7.5
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	13.9 ± 0.7	2.8–29.3
2 h glucose (mM)	6.7 ± 0.2	3.4–11.2
HOMA-IR	3.6 ± 0.2	0.7–8.8
HbA1 C (%)	5.4 ± 0.1	4.7–6.7
Fasting FFA (μM)	615 ± 16	399–960
FFA suppression (%)	52.1 ± 2.3	6.1–90.1
EGP suppression (%)	48.5 ± 2.2	5.2–87.2
Rd (μmol/kg/min)	26.3 ± 1.2	9.8–54.0

Data are mean ± SD [Range: min-max]; BMI: body mass index, WHR: waist-hip ratio, HOMA-IR: homoeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, HbA1 C: haemoglobin A1 C, FFA: free fatty acids, EGP: endogenous glucose production, Rd: rate of disappearance.

Table 2. Pearson’s correlation coefficients for CTSB, CTSL1 gene expression and clinical characteristics

	Ln CTSB	Ln CTSL1
Age (years)	−0.261*	0.352**
BMI (kg/m^2)	0.111	0.363**
WHR	−0.076	0.521***
Fasting glucose (mM)	−0.299**	0.230*
Fasting insulin (mU/L)	−0.343**	0.178
2 h glucose (mM)	−0.047	0.221
HOMA-IR	−0.378**	0.183
HbA1 C (%)	−0.033	0.250*
Fasting FFA (μM)	−0.271*	0.118
FFA suppression (%)	−0.005	−0.372**
EGP suppression (%)	0.020	−0.235*
Rd (μmol/kg/min)	0.044	−0.341**

*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001,

Table 3. Relationship between CTSB, CTSL1 gene expression in SCAT and adiposity

	CTSB gene expression			CTSL gene expression
Dependent Variables (n = 77)	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2
BMI	0.110 [−0.119, 0.339]	0.345	0.012	0.369 [0.149, 0.588]	0.001**	0.131
Model 1
BMI	0.104 [−0.159, 0.368]	0.433	0.009	0.196 [−0.039, 0.430]	0.101	0.040
Age	−0.430 [−0.814, −0.046]	0.029*	0.070	−0.080 [−0.414, 0.255]	0.635	0.003
Sex
Men	0.128 [−0.900, 1.156]	0.805	0.001	0.404 [−0.499, 1.307]	0.375	0.012
Women	0			0
WHR	0.170 [−0.409, 0.750]	0.560	0.005	0.378 [−0.131, 0.887]	0.143	0.032

All values entered in the model after z score standardization. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001

Table 4. Relationship between CTSB, CTSL1 gene expression in SCAT and circulating glucose and insulin concentrations

	Fasting glucose			Fasting insulin			HOMA-IR			HbA1 C
standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2
CTSB gene expression	−0.196[−0.376, −0.016]	0.034	0.068	−0.389[−0.584, −0.194]	0.000	0.196	−0.384[−0.566, −0.203]	0.000	0.216	0.057[−0.151, 0.265]	0.585	0.005
CTSL1 gene expression	−0.071[−0.293, 0.152]	0.527	0.006	−0.102[−0.354, 0.150]	0.423	0.010	−0.122[−0.364, 0.120]	0.317	0.015	0.081[−0.168, 0.330]	0.517	0.007

All values entered in the model after z score standardization and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, WHR.

Table 5. Relationship between CTSB, CTSL1 gene expression in SCAT and tissue-specific insulin sensitivity

	FFA suppression			EGP suppression			RdSS
Dependent Variables (n = 77)	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2	standardized β [95%CI]	p value	Adj. R^2
CTSB gene expression	0.029[−0.166,0.225]	0.765	0.001	0.054[−0.187,0.295]	0.656	0.003	−0.013[−0.213,0.188]	0.901	0.000
CTSL1 gene expression	−0.018[−0.227,0.191]	0.864	0.000	0.066[−0.198,0.331]	0.617	0.004	0.000[−0.226,0.226]	0.999	0.000

All values entered in the model after z score standardization and adjusted for age, sex, BMI, WHR.