How does the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine change over the years in childhood?

Figures & data

Table 1. The number and percentage of children with anti-HBs titer ≥10 mIU/mL by age groups and the number and percentage of children with anti-HBs titer ≥10 mIU/mL by sex

	Total number	Anti-HBs negative (<10 IU/ml) n (%)	Anti-HBs positive (≥10 IU/ml) n(%)	p value
7 months-3 years (7 months-47 months)	580	88 (15.2)	492 (84.8)	.000
4–7 years (48–95 months)	965	317 (32.8)	648 (67.2)
8–11 years (96–143 months)	758	308 (40.6)	450 (59.4)
12–14 years (144–179 months)	720	278 (38.6)	442 (61.4)
15–18 years (180–227 months)	1303	343 (26.3)	960 (73.7)
Male	2236	648 (29)	1588 (71)	.006
Female	2090	686 (32.8)	1404 (67.2)

Figure 1. The anti-HBs positivity rates according to age

Figure 2. Scatter plot analysis of relationship between age and quantitiative anti-HBs titers

Table 2. Summary of literature reporting the duration of hepatitis B immunity after primary vaccination

Author	n	Duration of follow-up	Anti-HBs seropositivity
Dentinger et al.^Citation9	334	10 years	8%
Kliger et al.^Citation10	20,634	15 years	33.6%
Yazdanpanah et al.^Citation11	729	5 years	39.1%
Lu et al.^Citation20	6156	15–18 years	37%
Bruce et al.^Citation21	243	30 years	51%
Belloni et al.^Citation22	117	5 years	25.6%
AlFaleh et al.^Citation23	1355	16–18 years	38%
Bialek et al.^Citation24	105	15 years	40%

Klinger G, Chodick G, Levy I. Long-term immunity to hepatitis B following vaccination in infancy: real-world data analysis. Vaccine. 2018;36:2288–92. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.028.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Yazdanpanah B, Safari M, Yazdanpanah S. Persistence of HBV vaccine’s protection and response to hepatitis B booster immunization in 5- to 7-year-old children in the Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province, Iran. Hepat Mon. 2010;10:17–21.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Williams IT, Goldstein ST, Tufa J, Tauillii S, Margolis HS, Mahoney FJ. Long term antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination beginning at birth and to subsequent booster vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:157–63. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000050463.28917.25.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Lu CY, Ni YH, Chiang BL, Chen PJ, Chang MH, Chang LY, Su IJ, Kuo HS, Huang LM, Chen DS, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses to a hepatitis B vaccine booster 15-18 years after neonatal immunization. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:1419–26. doi:10.1086/587695.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, et al. Antibody levels and protection afer hepatitis B vaccine: results of a 30-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose. J Infect Dis. 2016 Jul 1;214(1):16–22. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv748.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Belloni C, Pistorio A, Tinelli C, Komakec J, Chirico G, Rovelli D, Gulminetti R, Comolli G, Orsolini P, Rondini G. Early immunisation with hepatitis B vaccine: a five-year study. Vaccine. 2000;18:1307–11. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00414-4.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Alfaleh F, Alshehri S, Alansari S, Aljeffri M, Almazrou Y, Shaffi A, Abdo AA. Long-term protection of hepatitis B vaccine 18 years afer vaccination. J Infect. 2008;57:404–09. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2008.08.008.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar

Bialek SR, Bower WA, Novak R, Helgenberger L, Auerbach SB, Williams IT, Bell BP. Persistence of protection against hepatitis B virus infection among adolescents vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth: a 15-year follow-up study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:881–85. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31817702ba.

 PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar