How does the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine change over the years in childhood?

References

• https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-b [accessed 2021 March 22].
   Google Scholar
• Stramer SL, Wend U, Candotti D, Foster GA, Hollinger FB, Dodd RY, Allain J-P, Gerlich W. Nucleic acid testing to detect HBV infection in blood donors. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:236–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1007644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Den Ende C, Marano C, Van Ahee A, Bunge EM, De Moerlooze L. The immunogenicity of GSK’s recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in children: a systematic review of 30 years of experience. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2017;16:789–809. doi:10.1080/14760584.2017.1338569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Academy of Pediatrics. Hepatitis B. In: Kimberlin DW, Brady MT, Jackson MA, Long SS, editors. Red book: 2018 report of the committee on infectious diseases. 31st ed. Itasca (IL): American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018. p. 401–28.
   Google Scholar
• Liu F, Guo Z, Dong C. Influences of obesity on the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017;13:1014–17. doi:10.1080/21645515.2016.1274475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mormile R. Hepatitis B vaccine non response: a predictor of latent autoimmunity? Med Hypotheses. 2017;104:45–47. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2017.05.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saco TV, Strauss AT, Ledford DK. Hepatitis B vaccine nonresponders: possible mechanisms and solutions. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018;121:320–27. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2018.03.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dentinger CM, McMahon BJ, Butler JC, Dunaway CE, Zanis CL, Bulkow LR, Bruden DL, Nainan OV, Khristova ML, Hennessy TW, et al. Persistence of antibody to hepatitis B and protection from disease among Alaska natives immunized at birth. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2005;24:786–92. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000176617.63457.9f.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klinger G, Chodick G, Levy I. Long-term immunity to hepatitis B following vaccination in infancy: real-world data analysis. Vaccine. 2018;36:2288–92. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.03.028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdanpanah B, Safari M, Yazdanpanah S. Persistence of HBV vaccine’s protection and response to hepatitis B booster immunization in 5- to 7-year-old children in the Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad Province, Iran. Hepat Mon. 2010;10:17–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams IT, Goldstein ST, Tufa J, Tauillii S, Margolis HS, Mahoney FJ. Long term antibody response to hepatitis B vaccination beginning at birth and to subsequent booster vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2003;22:157–63. doi:10.1097/01.inf.0000050463.28917.25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadavid-Betancur DA, Ospina MC, Hincapié-Palacio D, Bernal-Restrepo LM, Buitrago-Giraldo S, Perez-Toro O, Santacruz-Sanmartín E, Lenis-Ballesteros V, Almanza-Payares R, Díaz FJ. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and factors potentially associated in a population-based study in Medellin, Colombia. Vaccine. 2017;35:4905–12. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.084.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wainwright RB, Bulkow LR, Parkinson AJ, Zanis C, McMahon BJ. Protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine in a Yupik Eskimo population–results of a 10-year study. J Infect Dis. 1997;175:674–77. doi:10.1093/infdis/175.3.674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Halloran JA, De Gascun CF, Dunford L, Carr MJ, Connell J, Howard R, Hall WW, Lambert JS. Hepatitis B virus vaccine failure resulting in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Clin Virol. 2011;52:151–54. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2011.06.020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poorolajal J, Mahmoodi M, Majdzadeh R, Nasseri-Moghaddam S, Haghdoost A, Fotouhi A. Long-term protection provided by hepatitis B vaccine and need for booster dose: a meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2010;28:623–31. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.10.068.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammitt LL, Hennessy TW, Fiore AE, Zanis C, Hummel KB, Dunaway E, Bulkow L, McMahon BJ. Hepatitis B immunity in children vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth: a follow-up study at 15 years. Vaccine. 2007;25:6958–64. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.059.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Öm K, Menart C, Theodore J, Kremer C, Hens N, Koek GH, Oude Lashof AML. Ethnicity and response to primary three-dose hepatitis B vaccination in employees in the Netherlands, 1983 through 2017. J Med Virol. 2020;92:309–16. doi:10.1002/jmv.25610.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang LY, Lin HH. Ethnicity, substance use, and response to booster hepatitis B vaccination in anti‐HBs‐seronegative adolescents who had received primary infantile vaccination. J Hepatol. 2007;46:1018–25. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2007.01.022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li M, Zhao Y, Chen X, Fu X, Li W, Liu H, Dong Y, Liu C, Zhang X, Shen L, et al. Contribution of sex-based immunological differences to the enhanced immune response in female mice following vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine. Mol Med Rep. 2019;20:103–10. doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu CY, Ni YH, Chiang BL, Chen PJ, Chang MH, Chang LY, Su IJ, Kuo HS, Huang LM, Chen DS, et al. Humoral and cellular immune responses to a hepatitis B vaccine booster 15-18 years after neonatal immunization. J Infect Dis. 2008;197:1419–26. doi:10.1086/587695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce MG, Bruden D, Hurlburt D, Zanis C, Thompson G, Rea L, Toomey M, Townshend-Bulson L, Rudolph K, Bulkow L, et al. Antibody levels and protection afer hepatitis B vaccine: results of a 30-year follow-up study and response to a booster dose. J Infect Dis. 2016 Jul 1;214(1):16–22. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv748.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belloni C, Pistorio A, Tinelli C, Komakec J, Chirico G, Rovelli D, Gulminetti R, Comolli G, Orsolini P, Rondini G. Early immunisation with hepatitis B vaccine: a five-year study. Vaccine. 2000;18:1307–11. doi:10.1016/S0264-410X(99)00414-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alfaleh F, Alshehri S, Alansari S, Aljeffri M, Almazrou Y, Shaffi A, Abdo AA. Long-term protection of hepatitis B vaccine 18 years afer vaccination. J Infect. 2008;57:404–09. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2008.08.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bialek SR, Bower WA, Novak R, Helgenberger L, Auerbach SB, Williams IT, Bell BP. Persistence of protection against hepatitis B virus infection among adolescents vaccinated with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine beginning at birth: a 15-year follow-up study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:881–85. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e31817702ba.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunskole Hummel I, Huber B, Wenzel JJ, Jilg W. Markers of protection in children and adolescents six to fourteen years after primary hepatitis B vaccination in real life: a pilot study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35:286–91. doi:10.1097/INF.0000000000000994.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bauer T, Jilg W. Hepatitis B surface antigen-specific T and B cell memory in individuals who had lost protective antibodies after hepatitis B vaccination. Vaccine. 2006;24:572–77. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2005.08.058.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar