Low modulus Ti-rich biocompatible TiNbZrTaHf concentrated alloys with exceptional plasticity

Figures & data

Figure 1. (a) XRD patterns of TiNbZrTaHf alloys with different Ti contents; Inverse pole figures from EBSD of Ti20 (b), Ti30 (c), Ti40 (d), Ti50 (e) and Ti60 (f), and the corresponding local misorientation maps (g-k); (l) HAADF image and (m-q) corresponding STEM-EDX elemental distribution maps from Ti30 alloy after recrystallisation annealing at 1073 K, inset in (l) is corresponding SAED pattern along [110] direction.

Figure 2. (a) Tensile stress–strain curves of the TiNbZrTaHf based alloys with different Ti contents; (b) comparison of the developed Ti-rich TiNbZrTaHf concentrated alloys with conventional TNZT alloys [4,5,23–35] and BCC refractory HEAs [12,13,36–41]; (c) magnetization variation as a function of applied magnetic field at room temperature; (d) comparison of magnetic susceptibilities and Young's elastic modulus of alloys Ti50 with some BCC HEAs, titanium alloys and alloys commonly used in medical devices [12,45,46].

Figure 3. Evolution of the microstructure of Ti50 sample during deformation; (a) microstructure of sample with 6% tensile strain, a-1 and a-2 is the surface morphology from the different region of sample, respectively, a-3 and a-4 is the SEM image and corresponding EBSD of microcrack; (b) microstructure of sample with 24% tensile strain, b1-b3 present necking and cracking of sample, b4 shows wavy deformation bands; (c) microstructure of sample after fracture, c-1 is the surface morphology of the sample near the crack, c-2 shows the detail of deformation bands, c-3 indicates fractorgraphy; (d) schematic illustration showing the change in dislocation structures during deformation.

Figure 4. (a) Unstable stacking fault energy (γ_usf) and surface energy (γ_surf) of TiNbZrTaHf based alloys predicted from DFT calculations. The above and below inset is the supercell for calculations of surface energies and unstable stacking fault energy, respectively. These figures show a projection along the [−112] direction; (b) evolution of γ_surf/γ_usf in TiNbZrTaHf based alloys with different Ti contents; (c) schematic of crack evolution during deformation, showing extension of cracking under loading, and sharp crack is blunted crack by the dislocation emission.

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Data availability statement

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.