Strengthening Journalism from the Margins: Engaged Journalism in Brazil and Egypt

Figures & data

Table 1. Engaged journalism’s tensions with the journalistic field.

Established: Within the field	Liminal: Outside the field
Professional journalistic background technical skills (sourcing, verification, etc.)	Normative purpose: deliberate political, progressive positioning critical of impartiality against powerful actors supportive of activist movements
Selective and/or pragmatic media partnerships	Media criticism
Paid subscriptions	Outside traditional newsroom structures
	Innovative community involvement social media visibility and campaigning
	Political marginalisation survival and uncertainty repeated attacks safety and security measures

Table 2. Argumentation patterns in The Intercept Brasil and MadaMasr.

Argumentation pattern	Description of argument	The Intercept Brasil	MadaMasr
Raison d'être and purpose	Articulation of mission and motivation to practice journalism in the forms they have chosen	Ensuring that authorities remain accountable to the public; watchdog function	Engagement with society and reimagining social reality
Tensions between democratic and authoritarian norms	Contrasting current socio-political reality and normative democratic values as a strategic discourse against repression	Contrasting freedom of the press as a democratic principle in reaction to authorities’ backlash	Surviving despite constant uncertainty
Establishing legitimacy through emphasising journalistic practice	Journalists refer to well-established practices in the journalistic field to claim belonging despite their liminal position	Belonging to the journalistic field through shared professional standards and cooperation with legacy media	Working from within the professional parameters for journalism for self-protection