3,673
Views
3
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Strengthening Journalism from the Margins: Engaged Journalism in Brazil and Egypt

ORCID Icon & ORCID Icon

References

  • Abdulla, R. 2014. Egypt’s Media in the Midst of Revolution. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
  • Ahva, L. 2017. “Practice Theory for Journalism Studies: Operationalizing the Concept of Practice for the Study of Participation.” Journalism Studies 18 (12): 1523–1541.
  • Atton, C., and J. F. Hamilton. 2008. Alternative Journalism. London: SAGE Publications.
  • Badr, H. 2020a. “Egypt’s Media System: Historic Legacies and Blocked Potentials for Independent Media.” Publizistik 65 (1): 63–79.
  • Badr, H. 2020b. “The Egyptian Syndicate and (Digital) Journalism’s Unresolved Boundary Struggle.” Digital Journalism, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2020.1799424
  • Badr, H. 2020c. “From Disruptive Power to Trapped Endurance: Egypt’s Journalistic Agency after the Tahrir Revolution.” In Critical Incidents in Journalism: Pivotal Moments Reshaping Journalism around the World, edited by E. Tandoc, Jr., J. Jenkins, R. Thomas, and O. Westlund, 216–229. Milton Park, UK: Routledge.
  • Bastian, M. 2019. Media and Accountability in Latin America. Framework - Conditions - Instruments. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.
  • Batsell, J. 2015. Engaged Journalism: Connecting with Digitally Empowered News Audiences. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
  • BBC Arabic. 2020. “Meet the Woman Behind MadaMasr: On of the Few Independent Voices in Egypt.” مدى مصر: تعرفوا على لينا عطالله، المرأة التي تقف وراء أحد المواقع المستقلة القليلة في مصر - BBC News عربي
  • Belair-Gagnon, V., A. Holton, and O. Westlund. 2019. “Space for the Liminal.” Media and Communication 7 (4): 1–7.
  • Benson, R., and E. Neveu. 2005. “Introduction: Field Theory as a Work in Progress.” In Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field, edited by R. Benson and E. Neveu, 1–28. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Bogaerts, J, and N. Carpentier. 2019. “The Postmodern Challenge to Journalism: Strategies for Constructing a Trustworthy Identity.” In Communication and Discourse Theory, edited by N. Carpentier, B. De Cleen, and V. Brussel, 139–156. Bristol: Intellect.
  • Bourdieu, P. 2005. “The Political Field, the Social Science Field, and the Journalistic Field.” In Bourdieu and the Journalistic Field, edited by R. Benson and E. Neveu, 29–47. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Callison, C., and M. L. Young. 2020. Reckoning: Journalism’s Limits and Possibilites. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Carlson, M. 2016. “Metajournalistic Discourse and the Meanings of Journalism: Definitional Control, Boundary Work, and Legitimation.” Communication Theory 26 (4): 349–368.
  • Carlson, M., and S. Lewis. 2015. Boundaries of Journalism. New York: Routledge.
  • Cammaerts, B., and L. V. Audenhove. 2005. “Online Political Debate, Unbounded Citizenship, and the Problematic Nature of a Transnational Public Sphere.” Political Communication 22 (2): 179–196.
  • Cox, J. B., and M. A. Poepsel. 2020. “Deep Participation in Underserved Communities: A Quantitative Analysis of Hearken’s Model for Engagement Journalism.” Journalism Practice 14 (5): 537–555.
  • Crittenden, L., and A. Haywood. 2020. “Revising Legacy Media Practices to Serve Hyperlocal Information Needs of Marginalized Populations.” Journalism Practice 14 (5): 608–625.
  • Custódio, L. 2017. Favela Media Activism: Counterpublics for Human Rights in Brazil. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
  • Democracy Index. 2020. “In Sickness and in Health?” Economist Intelligence Unit. https://www.eiu.com/n/campaigns/democracy-index-2020/
  • Deuze, M., and T. Witschge. 2018. “Beyond Journalism: Theorizing the Transformation of Journalism.” Journalism (London, England) 19 (2): 165–181.
  • Downing, J. 1995. “Media, Dictatorship, and the Reemergence of “Civil Society.” In Questioning the Media: A Critical Introduction, edited by J. Downing, A. Mohammadi, and A. Sreberny-Mohammadi, 184–204. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Eldridge, S. A., II. 2014. “Boundary Maintenance and Interloper Media Reaction.” Journalism Studies 15 (1): 1–16.
  • Eldridge, S. A., II. 2019. “Where Do We Draw the Line? Interlopers, (Ant)Agonists, and an Unbounded Journalistic Field.” Media and Communication 7 (4): 8–18.
  • El-Khayat, A. 2019. “MadaMasr: The Art of Journalistic Espionage.” Akhbar Al-Youm. https://m.akhbarelyom.com/news/NewDetails/2958966/1/عمرو-الخياط-يكتب–مدى-مصر-.-فن-التخابر-الصحفي?fbclid=IwAR3XPSUY9lmdS-AAGdIqVVGtJY1_hrblibZCDrvqb6SsT7teEBxAD_Z0EVk
  • Estarque, M. 2020. “With 10,000 Supporters, Intercept Brasil Earns $55,000 per Month and Expands Investigative Reporting.” https://latamjournalismreview.org/articles/with-10000-supporters-intercept-brasil-earns-55000-per-month-and-expands-investigative-reporting/
  • Fanuzzi, R. 2003. Abolition’s Public Sphere. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Ganter, S. A., and F. O. Paulino. 2021. “Between Attack and Resilience: The Ongoing Institutionalization of Independent Digital Journalism in Brazil.” Digital Journalism 9 (2): 235–220.
  • Green-Barber, L., and E. G. McKinley. 2019. Engaged Journalism: Practices for Building Trust, Generating Revenue, and Fostering Civic Engagement. San Francisco: Impact Architects.
  • Hallin, D., and P. Mancini. 2004. Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hallin, D., and P. Mancini. 2012. Comparing Media Systems beyond the Western World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hampton, M. 2010. “The Fourth Estate Ideal in Journalism History.” In The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism, edited by S. Allan, 3–12. New York: Routledge.
  • Hamzawy, A. 2017. “Egypt after the 2013 Military Coup: Law-making in Service of the New Authoritarianism.” Philosophy & Social Criticism 43 (4–5): 392–405.
  • Holt, K., T. Ustad Figenschou, and L. Frischlich. 2019. “Key Dimensions of Alternative News Media.” Digital Journalism, 7 (7): 860–869.
  • Kuckartz, U. 2014. Qualitative Text Analysis: A Guide to Methods, Practice & Using Software. London: Sage.
  • Leihs, N. 2015. “Persisting Powers, Financial Shackles and Political Polarisation. The Egyptian Media System in Transition.” In New Media Configurations and Socio-cultural Dynamics in Asia and the Arab World, edited by N.-C. Schneider & C. Richter, 61–88. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
  • Londoño, E., and L. Casado. 2019. “Leaked Messages Raise Fairness Questions in Brazil Corruption Inquiry.” Accessed November 20, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/10/world/americas/brazil-car-wash-lava-jato.html
  • Maines, D. R. 2003. “Theoretical Sampling.” In The SAGE Encyclopedia of Social Sciences Research Methods, edited by M. S. Lewis-Beck, A. Bryman, and T. F. Liao, Vol. 3, 1121–1122. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
  • Mattoni, A. 2012. Media Practices and Protest Politics How Precarious Workers Mobilise. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
  • Mattoni, A., and S. Teune. 2014. “Visions of Protest. A Media-Historic Perspective on Images in Social Movements.” Sociology Compass 8 (6): 876–887.
  • Mayring, P. 2010. Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse [Qualitative Content Analysis]. Weinheim: Beltz.
  • Medeiros, D. 2019. Engaged Journalism: Contesting Objectivity through Media Practices during the Alternative Coverage of Brazil’s June Journeys. Berlin: Freie Universität Berlin. http://dx.doi.org/10.17169/refubium-26028
  • Medeiros, D., and R. Motta. 2020. “Ein Blick aus der Bewegungsforschung auf den Rechtsruck in Brasilien.” Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen 32 (4): 619–630.
  • Medrado, A. 2007. “Community Media: Important but Imperfect. A Case Study of a Community Television Station in a Brazilian Favela.” In Media Technologies and Democracy in an Enlarged Europe, edited by N. Carpentier, P. Pruulmann-Vengerfeldt, K. Nordenstreng, M. Hartmann, P. Vihalemm, H. Nieminen, and B. Cammaerts, 123–136. Tartu: Tartu University Press.
  • Min, S. J. 2020. “What the Twenty-First Century Engaged Journalism Can Learn from the Twentieth Century Public Journalism.” Journalism Practice 14 (5): 626–641.
  • Mutsvairo, B., E. Borges-Rey, S. Bebawi, M. Márquez-Ramírez, C. Mellado, H. Mabweazara, M. Demeter, M. Głowacki, H. Badr, and D. Thussu. 2021. “Ontologies of Journalism in the Global South.” Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/10776990211048883
  • Myers, M., C. Dietz, and M.-S. Frère. 2015. “International Media Assistance: Experiences and Prospects.” Global Media Journal. German Edition 4 (2), 1–7.
  • Nagy, M, and H. Al-Azhary. 2019. “To What Extent Does the Egyptian Government Respect Press Freedom?” Cairo: Association of Freedom of Thought and Expression. https://afteegypt.org/en/afte_releases/2019/12/09/18262-afteegypt.html
  • Oliveira, R. 2020. O ano em que a Vaza Jato colocou a maior operação anticorrupção do país em xeque. Accessed November 20, 2020. https://brasil.elpais.com/politica/2020-01-04/o-ano-em-que-a-vaza-jato-colocou-a-maior-operacao-anticorrupcao-do-pais-em-xeque.html
  • Örnebring, H. 2010. “Reassessing Journalism as a Profession.” In The Routledge Companion to News and Journalism, edited by S. Allan, 568–577. New York: Routledge.
  • Pires, B. 2020. “Juiz rejeita denúncia contra Greenwald, mas acusa jornalista de dar “auxílio moral” a Hackers.” Accessed November 20, 2020. https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2020-02-06/denuncia-contra-glenn-greenwald-e-rejeitada-pela-justica.html
  • Raetzsch, C. 2017. “Journalism Studies beyond Journalism.” Journalism Studies 18 (10): 1277–1292.
  • Reed, B. 2020. “Glenn Greenwald Resigns from the Intercept.” Accessed July 18, 2021. https://theintercept.com/2020/10/29/glenn-greenwald-resigns-the-intercept/
  • Reporters Without Borders. 2019a. “Media Ownership Monitor: Egypt.” https://egypt.mom-rsf.org/en/owners/companies/
  • Reporters Without Borders. 2019b. “RSF Decries Online Attacks Against the Intercept Brasil’s Journalists.” RSF. Accessed November 21, 2020. https://rsf.org/en/news/rsf-decries-online-attacks-against-intercept-brasils-journalists
  • Reporters Without Borders. 2020. “Brazil Quarterly Analysis. President Bolsonaro’s Systematic Attempts to Reduce the Media to Silence.” Accessed November 15, 2020. https://rsf.org/en/news/brazil-quarterly-analysis-president-bolsonaros-systematic-attempts-reduce-media-silence
  • Richter, C., I. Dupuis, and H. Badr. 2021. “Media Pushing for Political Transformation: A Comparative Analysis of Issue Contestation in Poland before 1989 and Egypt before 2011.” International Communication Gazette 83 (4): 326–346.
  • Rodriguez, C. 2001. Fissures in the Mediascape: An International Study of Citizens' Media. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press.
  • Russell, A. 2016. Journalism as Activism: Recoding Media Power. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press.
  • Sakr, N. 2013. Transformations in Egyptian Journalism. London: I.B. Tauris.
  • Schapals, A. K., P. Maares, and F. Hanusch. 2019. “Working on the Margins: Comparative Perspectives on the Roles and Motivations of Peripheral Actors in Journalism.” Media and Communication 7 (4): 19–30.
  • Schmidt, T. R., and R. G. Lawrence. 2020. “Engaged Journalism and News Work: A Sociotechnical Analysis of Organizational Dynamics and Professional Challenges.” Journalism Practice 14 (5): 518–536.
  • Schreier, M. 2018. “Sampling and Generalization.” In The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Collection, edited by U. Flick, 84–97. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Shove, E., M. Pantzar. and M. Watson. 2012. The dynamics of social practice: everyday life and how it changes. Los Angeles: Sage.
  • Steensen, S., and O. Westlund. 2020. What Is Digital Journalism Studies? New York: Routledge.
  • The Intercept Brasil. 2020. “Sobre e contato.” Accessed November 19, 2020. https://theintercept.com/brasil/staff/
  • Wall, M. 2019. Citizen Journalism: Practices, Propaganda, Pedagogy. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Wenzel, A. 2019. “Engaged Journalism in Rural Communities.” Journalism Practice 13 (6): 708–722.
  • Willig, I., K. Waltorp, and J. M. Hartley. 2015. “Field Theory Approaches to New Media Practices: An Introduction and Some Theoretical Considerations.” MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research 31 (58): 1–12.
  • Xia, Y., S. Robinson, M. Zahay, and D. Freelon. 2020. “The Evolving Journalistic Roles on Social Media: Exploring “Engagement” as Relationship-Building between Journalists and Citizens.” Journalism Practice 14 (5): 556–573.
  • Waisbord, S. 2020. “Mob Censorship: Online Harassment of US Journalists in Times of Digital Hate and Populism.” Digital Journalism 8 (8): 1030–1046.

Cited media material

The Intercept Brasil

MadaMasr