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Review

Gold nanoparticles and hepatitis B virus

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Pages 469-474 | Received 17 Jun 2018, Accepted 01 Nov 2018, Published online: 27 Jan 2019

Figures & data

Table 1. Application of various biosensor techniques in detecting HBV.

Table 2. Showing several applications of gold nanoparticles as biosensors to detecting other pathogens.

Table 3. Showing various applications of gold nanorods as DNA biosensors.

Figure 1. Gold nanoparticle-based assay to detect hepatitis C virus RNA. In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive specimens, the fluorophore-labeled probe hybridizes to the target HCV RNA and fluorescence is be detected. In addition, the color of the solution will change from red to blue, owing to the aggregation of AuNPs (a qualitative colorimetric signal indicating the presence of HCV RNA). AuNP, gold nanoparticle; NSET, nanoparticle surface-energy transfer. This image adapted from [Citation26] with copyright permission.

Figure 1. Gold nanoparticle-based assay to detect hepatitis C virus RNA. In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive specimens, the fluorophore-labeled probe hybridizes to the target HCV RNA and fluorescence is be detected. In addition, the color of the solution will change from red to blue, owing to the aggregation of AuNPs (a qualitative colorimetric signal indicating the presence of HCV RNA). AuNP, gold nanoparticle; NSET, nanoparticle surface-energy transfer. This image adapted from [Citation26] with copyright permission.

Figure 2. Showing pictorial representation of the synthesis of antibody-functionalized AuNRs and the detection mechanism for the biosensor immunoassay in capturing targets in different matrixes. This image adapted from [Citation29] with copyright permission. AuNRs, gold nano-rods.

Figure 2. Showing pictorial representation of the synthesis of antibody-functionalized AuNRs and the detection mechanism for the biosensor immunoassay in capturing targets in different matrixes. This image adapted from [Citation29] with copyright permission. AuNRs, gold nano-rods.

Figure 3. Showing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the synthesized gold nano-rods (AuNRs) and TEM images of FAM-ssDNA–CTAB–AuNRs conjugates before (a) and after hybridization with cDNA (b) at 37 °C. The color of spectrum of fluorescein (FAM)-ssDNA–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)–AuNRs conjugates changes from red to light purple (c). Red denotes the color of ternary complexes and light purple denotes the color after hybridization with target DNA. This image adapted from [Citation11] with copyright permission.

Figure 3. Showing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the synthesized gold nano-rods (AuNRs) and TEM images of FAM-ssDNA–CTAB–AuNRs conjugates before (a) and after hybridization with cDNA (b) at 37 °C. The color of spectrum of fluorescein (FAM)-ssDNA–cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)–AuNRs conjugates changes from red to light purple (c). Red denotes the color of ternary complexes and light purple denotes the color after hybridization with target DNA. This image adapted from [Citation11] with copyright permission.

Figure 4. Showing step-by-step preparation of the immune sensor using AuNP. This image adapted from [Citation37] with copyright permission. AuNP, gold nanoparticle.

Figure 4. Showing step-by-step preparation of the immune sensor using AuNP. This image adapted from [Citation37] with copyright permission. AuNP, gold nanoparticle.

Figure 5. Showing DPV curves of the immunosensor after incubating with various concentrations of HBsAg in 0.1 M pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution. This image adapted from [Citation37] with copyright permission. DPV, differential pulse voltammetry; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen.

Figure 5. Showing DPV curves of the immunosensor after incubating with various concentrations of HBsAg in 0.1 M pH 5.5 acetate buffer solution. This image adapted from [Citation37] with copyright permission. DPV, differential pulse voltammetry; HBsAg, hepatitis B virus surface antigen.