Figures & data
Table 1. Comparisons of chondrocyte amounts, absorbance of MTT assay, and glycosaminoglycan contents between chondrocyte induction group and control group.
Figure 2. Schematic (A) and experimental setup (B) of a custom-design bioreactor system. It consists of bioreactor vessel, peristaltic pump, air filter, two tubes (tube 1 and tube 2), three way valve and media bottle. These parts are indicated in the figure. It is located in a humidity-saturated incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C and is used for cells-loaded scaffold culture.
![Figure 2. Schematic (A) and experimental setup (B) of a custom-design bioreactor system. It consists of bioreactor vessel, peristaltic pump, air filter, two tubes (tube 1 and tube 2), three way valve and media bottle. These parts are indicated in the figure. It is located in a humidity-saturated incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C and is used for cells-loaded scaffold culture.](/cms/asset/35658438-c4fe-479e-917b-aed1cad88c1f/ianb_a_1604534_f0002_c.jpg)
Figure 3. SEM images of cells on bioceramic scaffolds. (A) Chondrocytes on β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds. (B) Osteoblasts on β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds. (C) Section image of β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds. (D) Surface image of β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds.
![Figure 3. SEM images of cells on bioceramic scaffolds. (A) Chondrocytes on β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds. (B) Osteoblasts on β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds. (C) Section image of β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds. (D) Surface image of β-TCP bioceramic scaffolds.](/cms/asset/8fbe0a25-4a57-47d3-8d09-0f3b7ee3d196/ianb_a_1604534_f0003_c.jpg)
Figure 4. General observation of articular cartilage defects (A), implantation of bioceramic scaffolds (B), and articular cartilage regeneration after 12 weeks postimplantation (C) in Beagle femoral trochleae. (a): chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group, (b): chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group, and (c): β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group. n = 3.
![Figure 4. General observation of articular cartilage defects (A), implantation of bioceramic scaffolds (B), and articular cartilage regeneration after 12 weeks postimplantation (C) in Beagle femoral trochleae. (a): chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group, (b): chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group, and (c): β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group. n = 3.](/cms/asset/79449ef8-5108-4103-8b89-4d2b877b3797/ianb_a_1604534_f0004_c.jpg)
Figure 5. Histological observation of Beagle femoral trochleae after 12 weeks postimplantation. (A) Chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group. (B) Chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group. (C) β-TCP bioceramic scaffold. Arrows indicate the cartilage defects where the scaffolds were implanted.
![Figure 5. Histological observation of Beagle femoral trochleae after 12 weeks postimplantation. (A) Chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group. (B) Chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group. (C) β-TCP bioceramic scaffold. Arrows indicate the cartilage defects where the scaffolds were implanted.](/cms/asset/79c4150f-65a0-4aa5-9a85-1a6db810024a/ianb_a_1604534_f0005_c.jpg)