Progress of titanium strut for cervical reconstruction with nano-graphene oxide loaded hydroxyapatite/polyamide composite and interbody fusion after corpectomy with anterior plate fixation

Figures & data

Figure 1. Microscopic images of prepared (a) PA (SEM), (b and b₁) rGO (SEM) and (c, c₁ and c₂) HAp loaded nano-GO/PA (SEM) samples.

Figure 2. Spectroscopic analysis of prepared nanocomposited materials through different analytical methods (a) XRD, (b) Raman spectra and (c) FTIR spectral analysis.

Figure 3. Live/dead assay method to investigate cell compatibility and survival of the fibroblast cell line treated with prepared nanocomposite (scale bar = 50 µm) (A) Fluorescence microscopic images (B) MTT assay showing cell viability.

Figure 4. (a) Postoperative lateral radiograph image, (b) lateral radiograph image after one year and (c) lateral radiograph image after 2 years.

Table 1. Patient demographic details.

Characteristic	HAp/PA	Nano-GO-HAp/PA
Gender (Male/Female)	14/6	13/7
Age (years)	48.5 ± 5.10	50.0 ± 4.05
Smoking	9	5
Hospital stay (days)	17 ± 3.	17 ± 3
Surgery time (min)	155.45 ± 20.34	150.10 ± 20.12
Blood loss (mL)	120.70 ± 30.2	115.24 ± 20.6

Table 2. Clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Variable measure	HAp/PA	Nano-GO-HAp/PA
Subsidence
1 year Post-OP	1.7	1.1
2 years Post-OP	2.3	1.3
SSA (°)
Pre-OP	5.5 ± 3.1	5.6 ± 3.5
1 year Post-OP	6.4 ± 2.0	7.9 ± 2.2
2 years Post-OP	6.7 ± 2.5	8.4 ± 2.2
VAS (point)
Pre-OP	6.9 ± 1.5	6.8 ± 1.4
1 year Post-OP	4.5 ± 1.4	3.3 ± 1.6
2 years Post-OP	2.3 ± 0.9	1.1 ± 0.5
JOA (point)
Pre-OP	8.6 ± 1.4	8.5 ± 1.0
1 year Post-OP	15.2 ± 1.0	15.5 ± 0.5
2 years Post-OP	12.2 ± 1.3	16.2 ± 1.4

SSA: segmental sagittal alignment; VAS: visual analogue scale; JOA: Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale. p-Values < .05.