Correlation between HCN4 gene polymorphisms and lone atrial fibrillation risk

Figures & data

Table 1. Basic and clinical features of the study subjects.

Features	Case, n = 139 (%)	Control, n = 146 (%)	p
Basic features
Age (mean ± SD, year)	56.12 ± 6.07	55.90 ± 5.16	.861
Gender (male)	98 (70.50)	104 (71.23)	.892
Smoking (yes)	35 (25.18)	35 (23.97)	.813
Alcohol abuse (yes)	34 (24.46)	27 (18.49)	.220
Paroxysmal/persistent	78 (56.12)/61 (43.88)	–
Disease histories
Diabetes	12 (8.63)	7 (4.79)	.194
Hyperlipidaemia	47 (33.81)	33 (22.60)	.035
Myocardial infarction	10 (7.19)	7 (4.79)	.393
Clinical features
SBP (mm Hg)	129.24 ± 10.32	126.36 ± 10.34	.207
DBP (mm Hg)	68.49 ± 6.28	76.38 ± 6.92	<.001
LAD (mm)	50.21 ± 11.51	44.74 ± 6.14	.008
LVDd (mm)	51.68 ± 6.75	54.01 ± 7.55	.143
LVSd (mm)	35.53 ± 7.61	34.93 ± 9.83	.758
LVEF (%)	61.70 ± 7.88	62.07 ± 6.56	.800
ALP
TP (ms)	130.95 ± 24.04	90.60 ± 18.16	<.001
LP20 (µV)	2.54 ± 0.85	7.43 ± 1.44	<.001

Notes: SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; LAD: left atrium diameter; LVDd: left ventricular end-diastolic diameter; LVSd: left ventricular end-systolic diameter; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; ALP: atrial late potential; TP: P wave duration after filtering; LP₂₀: the amplitude of superimposed potential in the final 20 ms of P wave.

Bold values had statistical significance.

Table 2. Association of HCN4 polymorphisms with AF risk.

SNP	Case, n = 139 (%)	Control, n = 146 (%)	p	OR (95%CI)	p^a	OR (95%CI)^a
rs498005
TT	41 (29.50)	59 (40.41)	–	–	–	–
TC	65 (46.67)	61 (41.78)	0.113	1.533 (0.903–2.605)	0.453	1.549 (0.494–4.858)
CC	33 (23.74)	26 (17.81)	0.068	1.826 (0.953–3.500)	0.138	2.632 (0.733–9.452)
T	147 (52.88)	179 (61.30)	–	–	–	–
C	131 (47.12)	113 (38.70)	0.042	1.412 (1.012–1.970)	0.028	1.473 (1.043–2.081)
PHWE	0.467	0.149
rs7164883
AA	106 (76.26)	122 (83.56)	–	–	–	–
GA	27 (19.42)	22 (15.07)	0.274	1.413 (0.760–2.626)	0.719	0.792 (0.221–2.833)
GG	6 (4.32)	2 (1.37)	0.155	3.453 (0.682–17.471)	0.767	1.551 (0.085–28.219)
A	239 (85.97)	266 (91.10)	–	–	–	–
G	39 (14.03)	26 (8.90)	0.054	1.669 (0.987–2.825)	0.043	1.742 (1.019–2.980)
PHWE	0.022	0.390

^aAdjusted by age, gender, smoking, drinking, histories of diabetes, hyperlipidaemia and myocardial infarction.

Bold values had statistical significance.

Figure 1. The distributions of HCN4 rs498005 (A) and rs7164883 (B) polymorphisms in AF cases and controls. *p < .05.

Figure 2. Association of rs498005 genotypes with clinical parameters of AF patients. *: CC versus TT p < .01; **: CC versus TT p < .001; #: CC versus TC p < .05; ##: CC versus TC p < .001.

Table 3. Impacts of rs498005 genotypes for AF clinical features in AF patients.

Features	Genotype
	TT	TC	CC
DBP (mm Hg)	69.85 ± 6.59	68.29 ± 6.31	68.18 ± 5.96
LAD (mm)	48.79 ± 10.64	50.54 ± 11.78	49.76 ± 11.33
TP (ms)	118.37 ± 15.40	127.83 ± 23.89	144.39 ± 34.93^*#
LP20 (µV)	3.12 ± 0.97	2.96 ± 0.86	2.28 ± 0.74^**##

Notes: *: CC versus TT p < .01; **: CC versus TT p < .001; #: CC versus TC p < .05; ##: CC versus TC p < .001; the significant level was adjusted by the Bonferroni method, α = .015.