MicroRNA-based potential diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic applications in triple-negative breast cancer

Figures & data

Figure 1. Schematic depiction of the tumor suppressive and pro-tumorigenic role of main microRNAs in triple negative breast cancer.

Table 1. MicroRNAs reported in triple-negative breast cancer cells or tissues.

MicroRNA	Target	Endogenous expression in TNBC	Main biological function(s) in TNBC	References
Oncogenic miRNAs
miR-181a/b	Bim	Up-regulate	Inhibition of anoikisis	[19]
miR-181a/b	ATM	Up-regulate	Impairment of DNA double-strand-breaks repair	[20]
miR-181a	BAX	Up-regulate	Promote tumor cell survival, metastasis and chemoresistance to doxorubicin	[21]
miR-182	PFN1	Up-regulate	Promote cell proliferation and invasion Induction of apoptosis	[22]
miR-210miR-221	Unknown	Up-regulate	Be associated with worse patient disease-free and overall survival	[23]
miR-373	Unknown	Up-regulate	Downregulate protein expression of the estrogen receptor	[24]
miR-26a miR-10b miR-153	Unknown	Up-regulate	As biomarkers cancer to predict lymph node metastases (LNM)	[25]
miR-342	ID4	Up-regulate	Regulates BRCA1 expression	[26]
miR-146a miR-146b-5p	BRCA1	Up-regulate	Control of BRCA1-mediated proliferation and homologous recombination	[25,27]
miR-155 miR-493 miR-30e miR-27a	Unknown	Up-regulate	Diagnostic tools	[28]
miR-21	ANKRD46	Up-regulate	Promote proliferation and in vitro migration in MDA-MB-231cell	[29]
miR-20a-5p	RUNX3	Up-regulate	Promote the migration and invasion	[30]
miR-103	30-UTR	Up-regulate	Regulation of migration, invasion and MMP 9 expression	[31]
miR-429	XIAP	Up-regulate	Mediate δ-tocotrienol-induce apoptosis	[32]
miR-25-3p	BTG2	Up-regulate	Promote the proliferation	[33]
miR-455-3p	EI24	Up-regulate	Promote invasion and migration	[34]
miR-27a	CDC27	Up-regulate	Modulate radiosensitivity of TNBC	[35,36]
miR-155	FOXO3a	Up-regulate	Induce chemoresistance	[37]
miR-520h	DAPK2	Up-regulate	Modulate sensitivity of paclitaxel	[38]
miR-125b	Bak1	Up-regulate	Modulate sensitivity of paclitaxel	[39]
Tumor suppressor miRNAs
miR-10b miR-145 miR-122a	Unknown	Down-regulate	A potential treatment target	[22,23]
miR-200a/b	Zeb1/Zeb2 Suz 12 EphA2	Down-regulate	Stimulation of differentiation in undifferentiated mammary epithelial cell line	[40]
miR-199a-5p	Unknown	Down-regulate	Potential diagnostic marker	[41,42]
miR-146a-5p	SOX5	Down-regulate	Inhibit the proliferation and metastasis	[43]
miR-26a	Metadherin	Down-regulate	Suppresses tumor proliferation and metastasis	[44]
miR-136	RASAL2	Down-regulate	Suppresses tumor invasion and metastasis	[45]
miR-148a	WNT1 NRP1	Down-regulate	Suppress metastasis	[46]
miR-203	BIRC5	Down-regulate	Reduction of proliferation	[47]
miR-490-3p	TNKS2	Down-regulate	Inhibit the growth and invasiveness	[48]
miR-143-3p	LIM domain kinase 1	Down-regulate	Suppresses the growth	[49]
miR-101-3p	AMPK	Down-regulate	A key regulator of tumor metabolism	[50]
miR-145	ARF6	Down-regulate	Regulate invasion	[51]
miR-940	Unknown	Down-regulate	Inhibit the growth and migration	[52]
miR-205	ErbB3 VEGF-A E2F1 LAMC1 ITGA5	Down-regulate	Reduction of proliferation, cell cycle and tumor growth	[53–55]
miR-17-5p	ETV1	Down-regulate	Suppresses cell proliferation and invasion	[56]
miR-93	protein kinase WNK1	Down-regulate	Inhibit the invasive	[57]
miR-539	LAMA4	Down-regulate	Inhibit proliferation and migration	[58]
miR-340	EZH2	Down-regulate	Inhibit cell growth	[59]
miR-125b	MAP2K7	Down-regulate	Inhibit proliferation	[60]
miR-217	KLF5	Down-regulate	Inhibit cell growth, migration,	[61]
miR-200a	EPHA2	Down-regulate	Inhibit migration	[62]
miR-200b	Proteinkinase Cα	Down-regulate	Suppresses cancer metastasis	[63]
miRNA-200b-3p miRNA-200b-5p	The RHOGDI pathway	Down-regulate	Suppresses TNBC cell migration	[64]
miR-200c	XIAP	Down-regulate	Suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis of TNBC cell	[65]
	MSN FN1		Suppression of migration	[66]
	TrkB		Reversion of anoikisis resistance	[66]
	TDO2		Inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in TNBC cells and reverse epithelial-mesenchymal transition	[67]
miR-34a	c-SRC ErbB2	Down-regulate	Attenuate tumor growth	[68,69]
	AXL		Impairment of migration	[70]
miR-542-3p	p53	Down-regulate	Inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and suppressing tumor angiogenesis	[71]
miR-206	VEGF MAPK3 SOX9 CORO1C	Down-regulate	Inhibit invasion	[72,73]
miR-31	SATB2	Down-regulate	Inhibit migration and invasion	[74]
	WAVE3RhoA		Radexin reduction of metastatic potential	[75]
	PRKCE		Induction of apoptosis and enhancement of chemo- and radiosensitivity	[76]
miR-613	Daam1	Down-regulate	Inhibit migration and invasion	[77]
miR-182	BRCA1	Down-regulate	Sensitize PARP inhibitors	[78]
miR-638	BRCA1	Down-regulate	Affects DNA repair and sensitivity to UV and cisplatin	[79]
miR-134	STAT5B	Down-regulate	Sensitize cisplatin	[80]
miR-298	MDR1	Down-regulate	Sensitize doxorubicin	[81]
miR-101	MCL-1	Down-regulate	Sensitize paclitaxel	[82]
miR-26a	MCL-1	Down-regulate	Sensitize paclitaxel	[83]
miR-203b-3p	BCL2L1	Down-regulate	Sensitize paclitaxel	[84]

Table 2. Expression patterns of miRNAs in triple negative breast cancer obtained by dbDMEC.

UP
miR-7	miR-24	miR-125a-5p	miR-182	miR-324-5p
miR-9	miR-25	miR-128	miR-183	miR-331-3p
miR-15a	miR-29b	miR-130b	miR-200a	miR-340
miR-15b	miR-32	miR-141	miR-200b	miR-429
miR-16	miR-93	miR-141*	miR-200c	miR-454
miR-17	miR-96	miR-142-3p	miR-210	miR-484
miR-18a	miR-98	miR-142-5p	miR-219-5p	miR-590-5p
miR-18b	miR-105	miR-146a	miR-301a	miR-629
miR-19a	miR-106b	miR-155	miR-301b	let-7d
miR-21*	miR-107	miR-181b
DOWN
miR-10b	miR-143	miR-299-3p	miR-513a-5p	miR-638
miR-10b*	miR-143*	miR-335	miR-513b	miR-654-5p
miR-23a*	miR-145	miR-370	miR-513c	miR-659
miR-30c-2*	miR-145*	miR-376a	miR-516a-5p	miR-662
miR-99a	miR-149*	miR-376c	miR-520b	miR-665
miR-99b*	miR-150*	miR-378	miR-520e	miR-671-5p
miR-100	miR-187*	miR-378*	miR-542-5p	miR-708
miR-101*	miR-188-5p	miR-381	miR-551b	miR-877
miR-125b-2*	miR-193a-5p	miR-451	miR-557	miR-887
miR-133b	miR-193b*	miR-452	miR-564	miR-936
miR-134	miR-195	miR-483-3p	miR-572	miR-939
miR-136*	miR-195*	miR-483-5p	miR-601	miR-1225-3p
miR-139-3p	miR-198	miR-486-5p	miR-617	miR-1225-5p
miR-139-5p	miR-202	miR-497	miR-623	miR-1226*
miR-140-3p	miR-204	miR-498	miR-636

“miRNA*” is a piece of RNA on a pre-miRNA that is located just as opposed to a mature miRNA.

Table 3. List of miRNAs with potential diagnostic implications in triple-negative breast cancer.

MicroRNA	Samples	Cohort ethnicity	Endogenous expression in TNBC	References
miR-373	Serum	Germany	Up-regulate	[24]
miR-146a	Tumor tissues	France	Up-regulate	[25]
miR-26a miR-10b miR-153	Tumor tissues	Unknown	Up-regulate	[25]
miR-342	Serum Tumor tissues	Iran	Up-regulate	[26]
miR-155 miR-493 miR-30e, miR-27a	Serum Tumor tissues	Chinese	Up-regulate	[29]
miR-199a-5p	Plasma FFPE tissues Serum	Chinese	Down-regulate	[41,42,89]
miR-205	Serum Tumor tissues	Iran	Down-regulate	[90]

Table 4. List of miRNAs with potential prognostic value in triple-negative breast cancer.

MicroRNA	Samples	Cohort ethnicity	Expression in TNBC	References
miR-18b miR-103 miR-107 miR-652	Serum	Chinese	Up-regulate	[17]
miR-155	Serum FFPE tissues FROZEN tissues	Caucasian	Up-regulate	[37]
miR-148a	FFPE tissues FROZEN tissues	Unknown	Down-regulate	[46]
miR-638	FFPE tissues	Chinese	Down-regulate	[79]
miR-210	FFPE tissues FROZEN tissues	Japanese British	Up-regulate	[96]
miR-454	Serum	Chinese	Up-regulate	[97]
miR-34b	FFPE tissues	Chinese	Up-regulate	[98]
miR-301a	FFPE tissues	Chinese	Up-regulate	[99]
miR-34c	Serum	Chinese	Down-regulate	[100]
miR-221-3p	Serum	Chinese	Down-regulate	[101]
miR-195/miR-497	Tumor cell	Unknown	Down-regulate	[102]

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