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Research Article

CD44-targeted pH-responsive micelles for enhanced cellular internalization and intracellular on-demand release of doxorubicin

, , , , &
Pages 173-184 | Received 06 Oct 2020, Accepted 26 Jan 2021, Published online: 23 Feb 2021

Figures & data

Scheme 1. CD44 targeted pH-responsive micelles for the delivery of DOX in vivo. (A) Self-assembly and pH-responsive behaviour of the micelles. (B) Delivery of DOX with the CD44 targeted pH-responsive micelles.

Scheme 1. CD44 targeted pH-responsive micelles for the delivery of DOX in vivo. (A) Self-assembly and pH-responsive behaviour of the micelles. (B) Delivery of DOX with the CD44 targeted pH-responsive micelles.

Table 1. Characteristic of DOX-loaded micelles.

Table 2. IC50 of DOX in different formulations against 4T1 cells.

Figure 1. Synthesis route (A) and 1H NMR spectra (B) of polymers.

Figure 1. Synthesis route (A) and 1H NMR spectra (B) of polymers.

Figure 2. pH-responsive study of DOX/HHD. (A). CMC of HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (B). Particle size of DOX/HD and DOX/HHD; (C). Particle size of DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (D). Zeta potential of DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (E). EE% of DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (F). Release of DOX from DOX.HCl, DOX/HD or DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3.

Figure 2. pH-responsive study of DOX/HHD. (A). CMC of HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (B). Particle size of DOX/HD and DOX/HHD; (C). Particle size of DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (D). Zeta potential of DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (E). EE% of DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3; (F). Release of DOX from DOX.HCl, DOX/HD or DOX/HHD at pH 7.4 or 5.3.

Figure 3. Cellular uptake of DOX in different formulations. (A) Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded micelles with or without free HA CLSM (40×). (B) Cellular uptake of DOX in different formulations via flow cytometry. (10 μg/mL DOX concentration).

Figure 3. Cellular uptake of DOX in different formulations. (A) Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded micelles with or without free HA CLSM (40×). (B) Cellular uptake of DOX in different formulations via flow cytometry. (10 μg/mL DOX concentration).

Figure 4. Intracellular trafficking of DOX-loaded micelles. (A) Intracellular distribution of DOX/HHD or DOX/HD (10 μg/mL DOX concentration) (63×). (B) AO staining of cells treated with blank HHD or HD micelles (20×).

Figure 4. Intracellular trafficking of DOX-loaded micelles. (A) Intracellular distribution of DOX/HHD or DOX/HD (10 μg/mL DOX concentration) (63×). (B) AO staining of cells treated with blank HHD or HD micelles (20×).

Figure 5. Cytotoxicity of DOX in different formulations against 4T1 cells (A. 24 h, B. 48 h, n = 5).

Figure 5. Cytotoxicity of DOX in different formulations against 4T1 cells (A. 24 h, B. 48 h, n = 5).

Figure 6. DOX distribution in 3 D tumour spheres after incubation for 2 or 12 h (A) (10×); DOX intensity in tumour spheres after incubation for 2 (B) or 12 h (C).

Figure 6. DOX distribution in 3 D tumour spheres after incubation for 2 or 12 h (A) (10×); DOX intensity in tumour spheres after incubation for 2 (B) or 12 h (C).

Figure 7. tumour-Target effect of polymeric micelles in vivo. (A) Real time NIR imaging of DiR-loaded polymer micelles in vivo; (B) DiR fluorescence intensity in tumour tissues over time; (C) Biodistribution of DOX in tumour-bearing mice 24 h post-injection.

Figure 7. tumour-Target effect of polymeric micelles in vivo. (A) Real time NIR imaging of DiR-loaded polymer micelles in vivo; (B) DiR fluorescence intensity in tumour tissues over time; (C) Biodistribution of DOX in tumour-bearing mice 24 h post-injection.

Figure 8. Anti-tumour effect of DOX-loaded polymeric micelles in vivo. A. tumour volumes of each group during the treatment period; B. tumour graphic; C. tumour weight on the last day; D. body weight of tumour-bearing mice; E. HE staining of tumour tissues after treatment.

Figure 8. Anti-tumour effect of DOX-loaded polymeric micelles in vivo. A. tumour volumes of each group during the treatment period; B. tumour graphic; C. tumour weight on the last day; D. body weight of tumour-bearing mice; E. HE staining of tumour tissues after treatment.