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Emerging Microbes & Infections Volume 11, 2022 - Issue 1
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Influenza Infections

Emergence, prevalence, and evolution of H5N8 avian influenza viruses in central China, 2020

Xiang Lia College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2879-3957View further author information
ORCID Icon,
Xinru Lva College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Yi Lia College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Linhong Xieb National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Peng Pengb National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Qing Ana College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Tian Fua College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Siyuan Qinb National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Yuan Cuic Sanmenxia Administration of the National Nature Reserve of the Yellow River Wetland, Sanmenxia, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Chengbo Zhangd Ordos Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ordos, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Rongxiu Qina College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Fengyi Qua College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Zhenliang Zhaoa College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Meixi Wanga College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Qiuzi Xua College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Yong Lie Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Guoxiang Yange Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Guang Chene Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Jun Zhange Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Hesong Zhenge Research and Development Center, Hubei Wildlife Rescue, Wuhan, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Enda Maf Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Ruifang Zhouf Bayannur Forestry and Grassland Administration, Bayannur, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Xiangwei Zenga College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Yulong Wanga College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Zhijun Houa College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaView further author information
,
Yajun Wanga College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
,
Dong Chub National Forestry and Grassland Administration, General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife Disease & Wildlife Borne Diseases, Shenyang, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
,
Yanbing Lig State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
View further author information
&
Hongliang Chaia College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence[email protected]
ORCID Iconhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-2497View further author information
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Pages 73-82 | Received 06 Oct 2021, Accepted 23 Nov 2021, Published online: 22 Dec 2021

Figures & data

Figure 1. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HA gene segment of HPAI H5 sequences. Our isolates and the Russian human strain are marked by blue and red coloured circles, respectively. For the clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus isolated in 2020, the clade origins of each gene segment are indicated by different coloured bars. A UFBoot support values of the major branch are indicated. The scale bar represents the nucleotide substitutions per site. Detailed information is available in Supplementary Materials. See also Appendix and Appendix Table 7.

Figure 1. Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of the HA gene segment of HPAI H5 sequences. Our isolates and the Russian human strain are marked by blue and red coloured circles, respectively. For the clade 2.3.4.4b H5 virus isolated in 2020, the clade origins of each gene segment are indicated by different coloured bars. A UFBoot support values of the major branch are indicated. The scale bar represents the nucleotide substitutions per site. Detailed information is available in Supplementary Materials. See also Appendix Figure 1 and Appendix Table 7.

Figure 2. Maximum clade credibility (MCC) time-scaled phylogenetic tree of HA sequences of sub-clade 2.3.4.4b2 H5 virus coloured by geographic location (A), and host type (B). The branches are coloured according to the most probable ancestral geographic location, and host type. The Russian human strain is denoted by red arrows. The root state posterior probabilities are shown in each inset panel.

Figure 2. Maximum clade credibility (MCC) time-scaled phylogenetic tree of HA sequences of sub-clade 2.3.4.4b2 H5 virus coloured by geographic location (A), and host type (B). The branches are coloured according to the most probable ancestral geographic location, and host type. The Russian human strain is denoted by red arrows. The root state posterior probabilities are shown in each inset panel.

Figure 3. Spatial diffusion of the HA gene segment of the sub-clade 2.3.4.4b2 H5 virus. The red dots indicate the sampling site in central China. The bold grey arrow indicates decisively supported diffusions (BF ≥ 1000); solid grey arrows, strongly supported diffusions (10 ≤ BF < 100); and dashed grey arrows, supported diffusions (3 ≤ BF < 10).

Figure 3. Spatial diffusion of the HA gene segment of the sub-clade 2.3.4.4b2 H5 virus. The red dots indicate the sampling site in central China. The bold grey arrow indicates decisively supported diffusions (BF ≥ 1000); solid grey arrows, strongly supported diffusions (10 ≤ BF < 100); and dashed grey arrows, supported diffusions (3 ≤ BF < 10).
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Emergence, prevalence, and evolution of H5N8 avian influenza viruses in central China, 2020
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