Omicron infections profile and vaccination status among 1881 liver transplant recipients: a multi-centre retrospective cohort

Figures & data

Table 1. Baseline characteristics LT patients by vaccination status.

	Unvaccinated group (n = 1394)	Vaccinated group (n = 487)	P value
Number of patients, n (%)
Shanghai Huashan Hospital	760 (75.8)	243 (24.2)
Beijing Friendship Hospital	276 (71.7)	109 (28.3)
The first hospital of Jilin University	212 (71.4)	85 (28.6)
Shanghai Changhai Hospital	80 (79.2)	21 (20.8)
Shanghai first people’s hospital	31 (79.5)	8 (20.5)
Shanghai Ruijin Hospital	16 (59.3)	11 (40.7)
Shanghai Changzheng Hospital	19 (65.5)	10 (34.5)
Number of patients, n (%)
Shanghai	171 (78.4)	47 (21.6)
Beijing	60 (66.7)	30 (33.3)
Changchun	115 (68.0)	54 (32.0)
Others	1048 (74.6)	356 (25.4)
Age (years), mean ± SD	42.1 ± 21.6	45.2 ± 19.3	0.003
Gender, Male (%)	990 (71.0)	371 (76.2)	0.028
Comorbidity, n (%)
Diabetes	237 (17.0)	74 (15.2)	0.356
Hypertension	202 (14.5)	70 (14.4)	0.950
Hyperlipidemia	88 (6.3)	41 (8.4)	0.113
Hyperuricemia	143 (10.3)	54 (11.1)	0.607
Cerebrovascular disease	28 (2.0)	4 (0.8)	0.123
Cardiovascular disease	28 (2.0)	16 (3.3)	0.109
Respiratory diseases	22 (1.6)	11 (2.3)	0.325
Rheumatic immune disease	6 (0.4)	2 (0.4)	1.000
Renal diseases	37 (2.7)	10 (2.1)	0.465
Hematological diseases	10 (0.7)	1 (0.2)	0.352
Hypoleukocytemia	56 (4.0)	12 (2.5)	0.114
Malignant tumour, n (%)	318 (22.8)	126 (25.9)	0.171
Prognosis of malignant tumour, n (%)
Recurrence and metastasis-free	235 (73.9)	107 (84.8)	0.013
Intrahepatic recurrence	49 (15.4)	10 (7.9)
Pulmonary metastasis	22 (6.9)	4 (3.2)
Osseous metastasis	11 (3.5)	0 (0)
Other	16 (5.0)	9 (7.1)
Targeted/chemotherapeutic drugs, n (%)	132 (56.1)	38 (30.2)	0.027
Vaccination status, n (%)
Partially vaccinated		38 (7.8)
Fully vaccinated		286 (58.7)
Booster vaccinated		163 (33.5)
Vaccine type, n (%)
Inactivated vaccine		479 (98.4)
Recombinant protein vaccine		9 (1.8) (1 as Booster)
Adenovirus vaccine		1 (0.2) (1 as Booster)
Duration of initial inoculation to LT
Preoperative, n (%)		119 (24.4)
Postoperative, n (%)		368 (75.6)
Infection rate (%)
Overall	0.8	0.6	0.939
With Malignant tumour	1.3	0.8	0.676
Without Malignant tumour	0.7	0.6	0.841
With Targeted/chemotherapeutic drugs	0.2	0.3	0.534
Without Targeted/chemotherapeutic drugs	0.1	0	0.829
Preoperative vaccination		1.7
Postoperative vaccination		0.3

n: number; SD: standard deviation.

Figure 1. Flow chart of this study.

Table 2. Adverse events after vaccination.

Characteristics	Overall	Preoperative vaccination	Postoperative vaccination	Without malignant tumour	With malignant tumour	With targeted/chemotherapeutic drugs	Without targeted/chemotherapeutic drugs
	Patients (n = 487)	Patients (n = 119)	Patients (n = 368)	Patients (n = 361)	Patients (n = 126)	Patients (n = 38)	Patients (n = 88)
Total adverse events, n (%)	96 (19.7)	37 (31.1)	59 (16.0)^a	74 (20.5)	22 (17.5)	8 (21.1)	14 (15.9)
Grade 3, n (%)	12 (2.5)	12 (10.1)	0 (0.0)^a	7 (1.9)	5 (4.0)	2 (5.3)	3 (3.4)
Local adverse events
Swelling and scleroma, n (%)	16 (3.3)	5 (4.2)	11 (3.0)	13 (3.6)	3 (2.4)	0 (0.0)	3 (3.4)
Systemic adverse events
Fatigue, n (%)	55 (11.3)	25 (21.0)	30 (8.2)^a	42 (11.6)	13 (10.3)	6 (15.8)	7 (8.0)
Myalgia, n (%)	57 (11.7)	24 (20.2)	33 (9.0)^a	44 (12.2)	13 (10.3)	6 (15.8)	7 (8.0)
Nausea, n (%)	8 (1.6)	2 (1.7)	6 (1.6)	8 (2.2)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Fever, n (%)	8 (1.6)	4 (3.4)	4 (1.1)	7 (1.9)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.1)
Diarrhea, n (%)	6 (1.2)	3 (2.5)	3 (0.8)	5 (1.4)	1 (0.8)	1 (2.6)	0 (0.0)
Cough, n (%)	4 (0.8)	2 (1.7)	2 (0.5)	4 (1.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Epistaxis, n (%)	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Ileus, n (%)	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Ear chills, n (%)	1 (0.2)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.8)	0 (0.0)	1 (1.1)
Scalp blister, n (%)	1 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	1 (0.3)	1 (0.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Liver dysfunction, n (%)	27 (5.5)	15 (12.6)	12 (3.3)^a	19 (5.3)	8 (6.3)	3 (7.9)	5 (5.7)

^a Means that the difference was statistically significant, compared with the corresponding.

Table 3. Clinical characteristics of Omicron infected and uninfected patients.

Characteristics		Number of infected patients(n = 14)	Number of uninfected patients(n = 1867)
Baseline characteristics
Age, n (%)
	<18y	2 (14.3)	402 (21.5)
	18–39y	7 (50.0)	153 (8.2)
	40–60y	3 (21.4)	953 (51.0)
	>60y	2 (14.3)	359 (19.2)
Gender, n (%)
	Male	9 (64.3)	1352 (72.4)
	Female	5 (35.7)	515 (27.6)
Vaccination status, n (%)
	No	11 (78.6)	1383 (74.1)
	Yes	3 (21.4)	484 (25.9)
Comorbidity, n (%)
	No	9 (64.3)	1053 (56.4)
	Yes	5 (35.7)	814 (43.6)
Malignant tumour, n(%)
	No	9 (64.3)	1428 (76.5)
	Yes	5 (35.7)	439 (23.5)
Targeted/chemotherapeutic drugs, n (%)
	No	2 (40.0)	272 (62.0)
	Yes	3 (60.0)	167 (38.0)
Characteristics during hospitalization
Clinical type, n (%)
	Mild	14 (100.0)	/
Oxygen inhalation during hospitalization, n (%)
	No	14 (100.0)	/
Liver dysfunction during hospitalization, n (%)
	No	11 (78.6)	/
	Yes	3 (21.4)	/
Paxlovid during hospitalization, n (%)
	No	13 (92.9)	/
	Yes	1 (7.1)	/
Days of viral shedding, n (%)
	≤7d	3 (21.4)	/
	8-14d	4 (28.6)	/
	>14d	7 (50.0)	/

n: number.

Figure 2. Proportion of LT patients vaccinated by age group.

Figure 3. Effects of vaccination status (A), time after LT (B), malignant tumour status (C), age (D) and comorbidity (E) on the time of viral shedding.