Antibacterial activity of Blumea axillaris synthesized selenium nanoparticles against multidrug resistant pathogens of aquatic origin

Figures & data

Figure 1. UV-VIS spectra of selenium nanoparticles synthesized from stem and root extracts of Blumea axillaris.

Figure 2. SEM of green synthesized selenium nanoparticles from various parts of Blumea axillaris plant [(a) B. axillaris stem extract synthesized and (b) B. axillaris root extract synthesized].

Figure 3. DLS analysis of selenium nanoparticles from various parts of Blumea axillaris plant [(a) B. axillaris stem extract synthesized and (b) B. axillaris root extract synthesized].

Table 1. The bacterial pathogens associated with fish diseases showing resistance pattern toward commonly used antibiotics

Sl no.	Bacterial	Resistance to the antibiotics
1	Aeromonas species	Ampicillin, erythromycin, novobiocin, vancomycin, bacitracin
2	Aeromonas hydrophila (Virulent)	Ampicillin, erythromycin, novobiocin, vancomycin, co-trimoxazole,
3	Aeromonas hydrophila (Moderate)	Ampicillin, erythromycin, novobiocin, vancomycin, co-trimoxazole,
4	Enterococcus species	Ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin oxytetracycline, co-trimoxazole
5	E. coli	Ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, bacitracin
6	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin, oxytetracycline, bacitracin
7	Salmonella species	Tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin, bacitracin, co-trimoxazole, oxytetracycline,
8	Shigella species	Ampicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, novobiocin co-trimoxazole, vancomycin, bacitracin

Figure 4. Zone of inhibition (in cm) of green synthesized selenium nanoparticles from stem and root extracts of B. axillaris against the pathogenic bacteria of fish.