Sociocultural factors associated with fish consumption in Lake Albert fishing community: Guidelines for lead and mercury

Figures & data

Figure 1. Distribution of study respondents in the four subcounties of Hoima district.

Table 1. Relationship between the weekly frequency of fish consumption and sociocultural factors

Attribute	χ^2	Degree of freedom	p value
Household number	2,980.6	2,784	0.05
Male child in household	4,258.9	2,808	<0.0001
Awareness of benefits of fish consumption	151	12	<0.0001
Methods of preparation of fish	474.3	60	<0.0001
Parts of the fish consumed by adults	610.2	84	<0.0001
Fish was consumed because it was suitable	139.1	12	<0.0001
Eating of young fish	153.9	12	<0.0001
Charcoal selling	183.3	12	<0.0001
Go to bars/hotels for recreation	181.6	12	<0.0001
Beach management unit	133.7	12	<0.0001
Donor supports like republic of Iceland	153.9	12	<0.0001

Table 2. Contribution of the sociocultural factors to weekly frequency of fish consumption in the household

Factor	Estimate	Std. error	z value	Pr(>|z|)	Lower confidence interval (2.5%)	Upper confidence interval (97.5%)
(Intercept)	3.48689	0.27411	12.721	<2e-16	2.962399790	4.0305392
charcoalselling [T.1]	1.96128	0.44825	4.375	1.21e-05	1.116670377	2.8614162
eatyoungfish [T.1]	−2.43621	0.79327	−3.071	0.002133	−4.032920511	−0.7780923
iceland [T.1]	−1.98893	0.53609	−3.710	0.000207	−2.896514615	–0.7313155
x.701hhnos	0.07602	0.03834	1.983	0.047384	0.003016785	0.1491753
x.701malechild	0.16529	0.06151	2.687	0.007202	0.051545403	0.2796352
x.901bawareaboutbenefits [T.1]	−1.45466	0.18219	−7.984	1.41e-15	−1.825136911	−1.0883689
x.1002dmethodspreparation [T.frying]	−0.65934	0.21627	−3.049	0.002299	−1.072426866	−0.2315390
x.1002dmethodspreparation [T.salting]	5.59302	0.88848	6.295	3.07e-10	3.829377617	7.5212907
x.1003aadults [T.Whole fish]	2.54979	0.48831	5.222	1.77e-07	1.616426287	3.5496740
x.1003aadults [T.MP]	0.45987	0.27040	1.701	0.088994	−0.069589343	1.0047853
x.1003aadults [T.Any]	0.77940	0.23654	3.295	0.000984	0.311221687	1.2548157
x.1003aadults [T.H,MP]	6.58951	0.97268	6.775	1.25e-11	4.764909534	8.6205241
x.1003breasonssuitable [T.1]	0.78639	0.18399	4.274	1.92e-05	0.418533385	1.1566487
x.1005corganizationsmonitoringbmu [T.1]	1.95863	0.19378	10.107	<2e-16	1.568760925	2.3410450

Table

Category	Attribute	Frequency	Percentage	Sample size
Location	Urban	17	7.6	225
	Rural	88	39.1
	Semi urban	120	53.3
Status	HH	205	77.7	264
	Spouse	47	17.8
	Child	11	4.2
	Other	1	0.4
Age	<18	4	1.6	255
	19–30	98	38.4
	31–40	66	25.9
	41–50	54	21.2
	51 and above	33	12.9
Martial	Single	35	15.2	231
	Married	164	71.0
	Divorced	10	4.3
	Widowed	13	5.6
	Separated	9	3.9
Education	No formal	38	14.5	262
	Primary	158	60.3
	Secondary	66	25.2
Religion	Christian	234	87.3	268
	Muslim	25	9.3
	Traditionalist	2	0.7
	Other	6	2.2

Table

Category	Attribute	Frequency	Percentage	Sample n
Source of drinking water	Stream	6	2.2	270
	Bore	104	38.5
	Spring	1	0.4
	Tap	59	21.9
	Lake	82	30.4
	Other shop	18	6.7
Amount taken daily	Half liter	5	1.9	270
	One liter	28	10.4
	1.5 liters	40	14.8
	2 liters	76	28.1
	>2 liters	121	44.8
Where water is kept	Pot	112	43.2	259
	Jellycan	128	49.4
	Saucepan	2	0.8
	Plastic container	8	3.1
	Buys shop	9	3.5
Whether you boil water	No	136	51.1	266
	Yes	129	48.5
Major reasons why not boil water for drinking	It is safe	76	29.9	254
	Lacks fire wood	14	5.5
	No saucepan	4	1.6
	No time to boil	7	2.8
	Use water guard	7	2.8

Table

Category	Attribute	Frequency	Percentage	Sample n
Eat fish	Yes	263	97.4	270
Awareness about benefits fish	Yes	162	91.0	178
Fish commonly eaten at landing sites	Lates species	48	29.8	161
	Tilapia	73	45.3
	Pelagic fish	25	15.5
Common methods of preparation of fish	Boiling	199	84.3	236
	Frying	32	13.6
Parts of fish eaten by children less than 5 years	MP	78	29.1	268
	Soup	40	14.9
Parts consumed by Children between 5 and 12 years	Head	34	12.7	267
	MP	34	12.7
	T	34	12.7
	Any	37	13.9
Fish parts consumed by teenagers	Head	33	12.4	267
	MP	29	10.9
	Any	42	15.7
Fish parts consumed by adults	Head	89	33.1	269
	Any	58	21.6
Reasons for the parts consumed	Suitable for the person	87	31.8	273
	Less bones	114	43.3	263
	Eat young fish	3	1.1	273
Fish commonly captured from lake	Tilapia	52	30.4	171
	Nile perch	46	26.9
	Pelagic fish	59	34.5

Table

Category	Attribute	Frequency	Percentage	Sample n
Income generation activities	Fishing	182	66.7	273
	Trade	116	42.5	273
	Charcoal selling	13	4.76	273
Recreation activities	Recreation bars/hotels	222	81.3	273
	Sports	65	23.8	273
Monitoring organizations	Beach management unit	176	64.5	273
	Fisheries	96	35.2	273
	Enforcement unit	38	13.9	273
	Donor support i.e. Republic of Iceland	1	0.4	273