Does entrepreneurial education matter for Indonesian students’ entrepreneurial preparation: The mediating role of entrepreneurial mindset and knowledge

Figures & data

Figure 1. The research framework

Table 1. The demographic profile of respondents

S/No.	Characteristic	Frequency	Percentage
1.	Age category
	15 years old	160	38.6
	16 years old	128	30.8
	17 years old	127	30.6
2.	Gender
	Female	258	62.2
	Male	157	37.8
3.	Education subject
	Office administration	57	28.5
	Business program	200	44.45
	Marketing	193	27.05
4.	Parents’ occupation
	Entrepreneur	206	49.63
	Teacher/Lecturer	22	5.30
	Farmers	92	22.16
	Civil Servants	89	21.44
	Soldier	6	1.47

Table 2. Results of Measurement (Outer) Model

Code	Variable/Indicator	Loading	CR	α	AVE
1.	Entrepreneurial Education (EE)		0.950	0.937	0.760
EE1	The entrepreneurship education in the school provides me to think creatively for being an entrepreneur.	0.853
EE2	The school present the knowledge needed related to entrepreneurship.	0.896
EE3	The school promotes the skills and abilities toward entrepreneurship.	0.864
EE4	The school provides students with relevant entrepreneurship material and teach them how to start a business.	0.903
EE5	I believe that entrepreneurship matters can be enhanced undergoing education.	0.850
EE6	I thought that entrepreneurship education promotes students of being an entrepreneur	0.862
2.	Entrepreneurial Knowledge (EK)		0.943	0.928	0.735
EK1	I have adequate knowledge of the legal essential to start a venture.	0.827
EK2	I understand how to looking for the resources need to set up a business (e.g., financial support).	0.849
EK3	I have adequate knowledge of how to organize a venture.	0.881
EK4	I have adequate knowledge of how to promote products and services.	0.840
EK5	I have adequate knowledge in presenting a business idea.	0.857
EK6	I have adequate knowledge of how to manage a business.	0.889
3.	Entrepreneurial Mindset (EM)		0.920	0.895	0.658
EM1	I have considered from both positive and negative consequences in engaging with the entrepreneurial activities.	0.842
EM2	I have considered whether I have the time to become engaged in entrepreneurial activities.	0.797
EM3	I have considered the financial opportunity to be involved in the entrepreneurial activities.	0.828
EM4	I have considered for both negative and positive information related to entrepreneurial activities.	0.850
EM5	I have considered about possible business ideas in the entrepreneurial activities.	0.820
EM6	I have considered whether it is desirable for me to be involved in the entrepreneurial activities.	0.724
EM7	When I consider engaging in entrepreneurial activity, it sometimes feels right and other times wrong.	0.842
4.	Entrepreneurial Preparation (PE)		0.956	0.944	0.783
PE1	I have already had a proposal for my business project.	0.870
PE2	I have learned the process to start a business.	0.899
PE3	My family and I have spent money to start a business.	0.857
PE4	I have saved money to create a business.	0.897
PE5	I have participated in start-up clubs at school and other community.	0.912
PE6	I have investigated the market demand for the product that I intend to do business with.	0.872

Table 3. Discriminant Validity

	EE	EK	EM	PE
EE	0.872
EK	0.764	0.858
EM	0.760	0.781	0.811
PE	0.732	0.777	0.714	0.885

Figure 2. The Structural Equation Research Output

Source: Data Processed (2020)

Table 4. The summary of testing results

Hypothesis	Relationship	Beta	T-value	P-values	Decision
H1	EE → EK	0.664	21.287	0.000	Accepted
H2	EE → EM	0.551	11.717	0.000	Accepted
H3	EE → PE	0.387	5.457	0.000	Accepted
H4	EK → EM	0.315	6.919	0.000	Accepted
H5	EK → PE	0.715	14.052	0.000	Accepted
H6	EM → PE	0.322	5.062	0.000	Accepted
H7	EE →EK→ PE		11.727	0.000	Accepted

Note: EE = entrepreneurial education; PE = entrepreneurial preparation; EK = entrepreneurial knowledge; EM = entrepreneurial mindset