Practices and challenges of school financial resource management implementation in Bahir Dar City administration of Ethiopia: A comparative study between government and private secondary schools

Figures & data

Table 1. Distribution of respondents (target and sampled population)

School type	School No.		School Name	Target Population		Sample population
public				Teachers	Principals	Vice principals	Finance head	Teachers	Principals	Vice-principals	Finance head
	1		Bahirdar preparatory	90	1	1	1	30	1	1	1
	2		Tana Haik	118	1	1	1	39	1	1	1
	3		Meshenty	51	1	1	1	17	1	1	1
Sub -total				259	3	3	3	86	3	3	3
Private	4	Bahirdar academy		36	1	1	1	12	1	1	1
	5	Catholic		24	1	1	1	9	1	1	1
	6	Ayelech Degefu Metasebia (A.D.M)		35	1	1	1	13	1	1	1
	7	SOS		18	1	1	1	6	1	1	1
Sub-total				113	4	4	4	40	4	4	4
Total				372	7	7	7	126	7	7	7

Source: ANRS, BDU city administration Education Bureau, 2019

Table 2. Mean score difference between stakeholder participation in budget preparation in private and public secondary schools

Budget Preparation	School type	N	Mean	SD	t- test	df	Sig
Budget preparation by school principals	Government	88	4.68	.515	17.56	131	.001
	Private	45	2.11	1.17
Budget preparation by PSTA members.	Government	88	2.32	1.32	4.193	131	.001
	Private	45	1.42	.783
Budget preparation by department head	Government	88	1.66	.801	−1.331	131	.186
	Private	45	1.84	.673
Budget preparation by teachers	Government	88	1.35	.728	2.501	131	.014
	Private	45	1.07	.330
Budget preparation by school accountants	Government	88	4.39	1.18	1.514	131	.132
	Private	45	4.09	.821
Budget prepared by Education Office of the City	Government	88	3.10	1.37	9.13	131	.001
	Private	45	1.13	.661
Finance and Economic Development Office of the City	Government	88	2.60	1.31	4.32	131	.001
	Private	45	1.69	.763
Budget preparation by KTBS members.	Government	88	4.59	.721	26.09	131	.001
	Private	45	1.22	.670

Figure 1. Respondents by school type

Figure 2. Sex of respondents

Figure 3. Educational qualifications of respondents

Table 3. Mean score difference between financial resource management of planning, reporting and controlling implementation in government and private three secondary schools

F Financial soResource Functions	School type	N	Mean	SD	t- test	df	Sig
	Government	88	2.11	.682	4.61	131	.001
	Private School	45	2.62	.436
1. Panning 2. Reporting.	Government	88	2.32	.634	−5.43	131	.001
	Private School	45	2.91	.436
3. Controlling	Government	88	1.81	.622	2.402	131	.018
	Private School	45	1.55	.458

Table 4. Mean score difference between total financial resource management implementation practice in private and public secondary schools

F Financial R Resource	School type	N	Mean	SD	t- test	df	Sig
Over all Practice	Government	88	2.06	.531	−2.401	131	.018
	Private School	45	2.27	.351

Table 5. Descriptive statistics of financial resource management practices of financial planning, reporting and controlling) implementation in government secondary schools

	Financial Resource Management Practices	N	Mean	SD
1	Planning function	88	2.218	.6567
2	Reporting function	88	2.190	.6152
3	Controlling function	88	1.771	.6444
	Total	264	2.059	.6688

Table 6. Summary of ANOVA of financial resource management practices of planning, reporting and controlling implementation in government secondary schools

Financial Practice	Sum of Square	df	Mean square	F	Sig
Between Groups	11.055	2	5.527	13.537	.001
Within Groups	106.570	261	.408
Total	117.625	263

Table 7. Descriptive statistics of financial resource management practices of financial planning, reporting and controlling implementation in private secondary schools

	Financial Resource Management Practices	N	Mean	SD
1	Planning function	45	2.6259	.51634
2	Reporting function	45	2.6635	.43731
3	Controlling function	45	1.5302	.51803
	Total	135	2.2844	.71557

Table 8. Summary of ANOVA of financial resource management practices for planning, reporting and controlling implementation in private secondary schools

Financial Practice	Sum of Square	df	Mean square	F	Sig
Between Groups	36.173	2	18.086	74.842	.001
Within Groups	31.416	130	.242
Total	67.589	132

Table 9. Major challenges to school financial resource management practices in government secondary schools

No	Challenges of School Financial Resource Management Practices	N	Mean	Rank
1	Shortage of budget allocating by other stakeholders (i.e., community participation, school internal income etc.)	88	2.71	17
2	Limitation of disseminating financial reporting to concerned bodies on time	88	3.08	15
3	Absence of participation of concerned bodies in budget preparation	88	3.10	14
4	Poor financial budget planning of school	88	3.66	9
5	Poor financial budget reporting system by the school according to time schedule	88	3.57	11
6	Lack of adequate skilled accountant personnel in relation to financial reporting	88	3.89	6
7	Lack of experience among school accountant personnel and other finance workers	88	3.90	5
8	Lack of training for school accountant personnel, auditors and other finance workers	88	3.21	13
9	Problem of reporting and documenting financial activities of the school	88	3.38	12
10	The school does not request its budget within the schedule of the finance office	88	3.61	10
11	Not regularly submitted financial utilization report	88	3.78	7
12	Not properly implementing financial guidelines, rules and regulations of finance at the school level	88	3.69	8
13	Lack of transparency on financial activities for the school community	88	4.13	3
14	Not properly using auditing comment	88	4.03	4
15	Lack of experience of the school principals on budget preparation	88	4.33	2
16	Lack of experience of the school principals on budgetary control	88	4.49	1
17	Lack of control and follow up from Bahir Dar city administration, education and finance office	88	2.82	16

Table 10. Major challenges for school financial resource management practices in private secondary schools

No	Challenges of School Financial Resource Management Practices	N	Mean	Rank
1	Shortage of budget allocating by other stakeholders (i.e., community participation, school internal income, etc.)	45	2.844	12
2	Limitation of disseminating financial reporting to concerned bodies on time.	45	3.711	11
3	Absence of participation of concerned bodies in budget preparation	45	4.022	9
4	Poor financial budget planning of school	45	2.088	13
5	Poor financial budget reporting system by the school according to time schedule	45	4.400	6
6	Lack of adequate skilled accountant personnel in relation to financial reporting.	45	3.956	10
7	Lack of experience among school accountant personnel and other finance workers	45	4.533	4
8	Lack of training for school accountant personnel, auditors and other finance workers	45	4.467	5
9	Problem of reporting and documenting financial activities of the school	45	4.311	7
10	The school does not request its budget within the schedule of the finance office	45	4.156	8
11	Not regularly submitted financial utilization report	45	4.578	3
12	Not properly implementing financial guidelines, rules and regulations of finance at the school level	45	4.533	4
13	Lack of transparency on financial activities for the school community	45	4.578	3
14	Not properly using auditing comment.	45	4.667	2
15	Lack of experience of the school principals on budget preparation	45	4.667	2
16	Lack of experience of the school principals on budgetary control	45	4.733	1
17	Lack of control and follow up from Bahir Dar city administration, education and finance office.	45	4.733	1