Effects of an explicit rime-based phonics method on the phonological awareness outcomes of Ethiopian EFL children

Figures & data

Table 1. Descriptive statistics and group comparisons

PA-Subtests	Test category	Experimental M (SD)	Control M(SD)	t	Group effect	Time effect	Interaction effect
Sentence segme.	Pretest	3.20(.71) 5.06(1.02)	3.34(.96) 3.55(1.07)	t(65)=-.70 t(65)=5.83***	F(1,65)=9.70**	F(1,65)=94.88***	F(1,65)=65.09***
	Posttest
Rhyme recognition	Pretest	3.0(.68) 4.63(.96)	2.57(.83) 2.73(.66)	t(65)=1.09 t(65)=9.42***	F(1,65)=42.70***	F(1,65)=49.81***	F(1,65)=61.81***
	posttest
Rhyme production	Pretest	2.54(.61) 4.60(.74)	2.57(.69) 2.38(6.69)	t(65)=-.18 t(65)=13.88***	F(1,65)=78.45***	F(1,65)=73.15***	F(1,65)=103.13***
	Posttest
Onset-rime segme.	Pretest	2.62(.64) 4.57(.70)	2.37(.49) 2.44(6.69)	t(65)=1.87 t(65)=4.17***	F(1,65)=93.45**	F(1,65)=168.71***	F(1,65)=149.43***
	Posttest
Onset-rime blending	Pretest	2.74(.44) 5.30(4.92)	2.54(.61) 2.61(.65)	t(65)=1.56 t(65)=3.10**	F(1,65)=10.35**	F(1,65)=9.94**	F(1,65)=9.07**
	Posttest
Phoneme Segme.	Pretest	3.85(.91) 4.75(1.45)	3.71(1.15) 3.70(.97)	t(65)=.57 t(65)=3.48**	F(1,65)=4.67*	F(1,65)=19.28***	F(1,65)=24.78***
	Posttest
Phoneme blending	Pretest	3.00(.90) 5.39(1.76)	2.97(1.01) 2.94(1.59)	t(65)=.12 t(65)=5.96***	F(1,65)=16.88***	F(1,65)=57.20***	F(1,65)=63.11***
	Posttest
Initial phon. Del	Pretest	2.42(1.83) 4.63(1.72)	1.85(.61) 1.97(1.38)	t(65)=1.43 t(65)=6.90***	F(1,65)=7.64**	F(1,65)=132.01***	F(1,65)=111.77***
	Posttest
Final phon. Del	Pretest	2.42(1.83) 4.63(1.72)	1.85(1.47) 1.97(1.38)	t(65)=1.06 t(65)=6.96***	F(1,65)=18.06***	F(1,65)=121.10***	F(1,65)=103.02***
	Posttest
Initial phon.Sub.	Pretest	2.11(1.81) 4.51(1.82)	1.68(1.49) 1.85(1.47)	t(65)=1.08 t(65)=6.57***	F(1,65)=15.76***	F(1,65)=96.89***	F(1,65)=79.38***
	Posttest
Final phon. Sub	Pretest	2.00(1.32) 4.81(1.82)	2.02(1.46) 2.29(1.58)	t(65)=-0.8 t(65)=6.02***	F(1,65)=12.10**	F(1,65)=121.86***	F(1,65)=86.88***
	Posttest
Total PA	Pretest	29.62(8.61) 52.60(12.71)	28.02(8.24) 28.76(8.21)	t(65)=.79 t(65)=9.14***	F(1,65)=45.25***	F(1,65)=51.69***	F(1,65)=51.69***
	Posttest

Note: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001.