Evaluation of poverty alleviation policy: Can conditional cash transfers improve the academic performance of poor students in Indonesia?

Figures & data

Table 1. PKH assistance

Fixed cash transfer	Rp 200,000.00
Variable cash transfer per household with
(a) Child aged less than 6 years	Rp 800,000.00
(b) Pregnant or lactating mother	Rp 800,000.00
(c) Child of primary school age	Rp 400,000.00
(d) Child of secondary school age	Rp 800,000.00
Minimum transfer per household	Rp 600,000.00
Maximum transfer per household	Rp 2,200,000.00

Source: World Bank (2011).

Table 2. Impact of PKH on elementary and junior high school students’ enrolment/participation rate and school attendance

Participation and attendance	Coef	p-value
Net enrolment rate_elementary school	0.0112996	0.460*
Gross participation rate_elementary school	0.0006458	0.949*
Student attendance_elementary school	0.0675682	0.001
Net enrolment rate_junior high school	0.0711079	0.046
Gross participation rate_junior high school	0.0765301	0.011
Student attendance_junior high school	0.0511278	0.099*

Source: Primary data.

^* p-values indicates a 95% confidence level; PKH has no significant influence on the indicator.

Table 3. Impact of PKH on junior high school students’ performance on UASs and UNs^a

Results of UAS/UN	Coef	p-value
UAS results, Bahasa Indonesia_minimum	1.173143	0.000
UAS results, Bahasa Indonesia_average	1.251418	0.000
UAS results, Bahasa Indonesia_maximum	1.371638	0.000
UAS results, mathematics_minimum	1.570672	0.000
UAS results, mathematics_average	1.858373	0.000
UAS results, mathematics_maximum	2.279703	0.000
UAS results, English_minimum	1.190582	0.001
UAS results, English_average	1.297391	0.001
UAS results, English_maximum	1.326392	0.001
UN results, mathematics_minimum	0.5198581	0.020
UN results, mathematics_maximum	0.5660039	0.028

Source: Primary data.

^a UAS and UN results for elementary school are unavailable, as these variables were not included in the SPKP 2007 for elementary school.

Table 4. Households perceiving schoolteacher absence as most important issue of education services

	Coef	p-value
Schoolteacher absence first most important issue of education services_elementary school	0.0043386	0.048
Schoolteacher absence second most important issue of education services_elementary school	0.0050069	0.016
Schoolteacher absence third most important issue of education services_junior high school	0.0029352	0.031

Source: Primary data.

Table 5. Households perceiving school facilities as the most important issue of education services

	Coef	p-value
School facilities first most important issue of education services_elementary school	0.0399913	0.001
School facilities second most important issue of education services_elementary school	0.0306222	0.000
School facilities first most important issue of education services_junior high school	0.0268913	0.023

Source: Primary data.

World Bank. (2011). Program Keluarga Harapan: Main findings from the impact evaluation of Indonesia’s pilot household conditional cash transfer program. Jakarta: Author.

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