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Research Article

Quantitative analysis of open-source data on metal detecting for cultural property: Estimation of the scale and intensity of metal detecting and the quantity of metal-detected cultural goods

ORCID Icon | (Reviewing Editor)
Article: 1298397 | Received 08 Dec 2016, Accepted 20 Feb 2017, Published online: 09 Mar 2017

Figures & data

Table 1. Proportions of metal-detected finds amongst reported finds in England and Wales, 2003–2008 (derived from Portable Antiquities Scheme, Citation2004, p. 80 – Table 6, p. 87 – Table 13; Citation2005, p. 7, p. 101 – Table 8; Citation2006, p. 113 – Table 3a, p. 122 – Table 8; Citation2009, p. 267 – Table 2a, p. 277 – Table 7; Citation2010, p. 26 – Table 4a, p. 32 – Table 8)

Table 2. Rate of recovery of reportable finds by metal detectorists in England and Wales (derived from Portable Antiquities Scheme, Citation2004, p. 80 – Table 6, p. 87 – Table 13; Citation2005, p. 7, p. 101 – Table 8; Citation2006, p. 113 – Table 3a, p. 122 – Table 8; Citation2009, p. 267 – Table 2a, p. 277 – Table 7; Citation2010, p. 26 – Table 4a, p. 32 – Table 8)

Table 3. Means of recovery of reportable finds by metal detectorists in England and Wales (derived from Portable Antiquities Scheme, Citation2004, p. 80 – Table 6, p. 87 – Table 13; Citation2005, p. 7, p. 101 – Table 8; Citation2006, p. 113 – Table 3a, p. 122 – Table 8; Citation2009, p. 267 – Table 2a, p. 277 – Table 7; Citation2010, p. 26 – Table 4a, p. 32 – Table 8)

Table 4. Rate of recovery of reportable finds by non-metal detectorists in England and Wales (derived from Portable Antiquities Scheme, Citation2004, p. 80 – Table 6, p. 87 – Table 13; Citation2005, p. 7, p. 101 – Table 8; Citation2006, p. 113 – Table 3a, p. 122 – Table 8; Citation2009, p. 267 – Table 2a, p. 277 – Table 7; Citation2010, p. 26 – Table 4a, p. 32 – Table 8)

Table 5. Proportion of metal detectorists who report finds in England and Wales (derived from Chitty & Edwards, Citation2004, p. 3; Portable Antiquities Scheme, Citation2004, p. 86 – Table 12; Citation2005, p. 100 – Table 7a, p. 100 – Table 7b; Citation2006, p. 120 – Table 7a, p. 121 – Table 7b; Citation2009, p. 274 – Table 7a, p. 275 – Table 7b; Citation2010, p. 14 – Table 1a, p. 15 – Table 1b)

Table 6. Low estimates of illicit metal detecting by population

Table 7. Low estimates of illicit metal detecting by area (in square kilometres)

Table 8. Low estimates of licit metal detecting by population

Table 9. Low estimates of licit metal detecting by area (in square kilometres)

Table 10. Low estimates of overall metal detecting by population

Table 11. Low estimates of overall metal detecting by area (in square kilometres)

Table 12. Poll of hours of metal detecting per day in Austria (adapted from Karl, Citation2011, p. 121 – Figure 6)

Table 13. Poll of days of metal detecting per year in Austria (adapted from Karl, Citation2011, p. 121 – Figure 7)

Table 14. Poll of hours of metal detecting per year in Denmark (adapted from Dobat & Jensen, Citation2016, p. 76 – Figure 5)

Table 15. Minimum average hours of metal detecting per day in England and Wales (adapted from questionnaire survey by Robbins, Citation2012, v. 2, p. 16 – Figure 4.2)

Table 16. Minimum average days of metal detecting per week in England and Wales (adapted from questionnaire survey by Robbins, Citation2012 v. 2, p. 15 – Figure 4.1, v. 2, p. 20 – Table 4.2)

Table 17. Minimum average days of metal detecting per year (adapted from Marc, Citation2004) and minimum average hours per year (according to the minimum average hours per day, as determined by the present analysis)

Table 18. Netnographic survey of minimum average hours of metal detecting per day in principle (derived from Bigscoop, Citation2010; creative detecting, Citation2012; Crumble, Citation2016; Gorgar, Citation2012; Judy, Citation2008; Lifted Chevy, Citation2016; Marc, Citation2004; MetalDetectorDude, Citation2014; NjNyDigger, Citation2014; RaymondGrizzly, Citation2016; The dane, Citation2016; TreasureHunters, Citation2009; TripnBils, Citation2014)

Table 19. Netnographic survey of minimum average days of metal detecting per week in principle (derived from Bigscoop, Citation2010; creative detecting, Citation2012; Crumble, Citation2016; Gorgar, Citation2012; Judy, Citation2008; Lifted Chevy, Citation2016; Marc, Citation2004; MetalDetectorDude, Citation2014; NjNyDigger, Citation2014; RaymondGrizzly, Citation2016; The dane, Citation2016; TreasureHunters, Citation2009; TripnBils, Citation2014)

Table 20. Netnographic survey of minimum average hours of metal detecting per week in principle (derived from Bigscoop, Citation2010; creative detecting, Citation2012; Crumble, Citation2016; Gorgar, Citation2012; Judy, Citation2008; Lifted Chevy, Citation2016; Marc, Citation2004; MetalDetectorDude, Citation2014; NjNyDigger, Citation2014; RaymondGrizzly, Citation2016; The dane, Citation2016; TreasureHunters, Citation2009; TripnBils, Citation2014)

Table 21. Netnographic survey of minimum average hours of metal detecting per year in practice (derived from Bigscoop, Citation2010; creative detecting, Citation2012; Crumble, Citation2016; Gorgar, Citation2012; Judy, Citation2008; Lifted Chevy, Citation2016; Marc, Citation2004; MetalDetectorDude, Citation2014; NjNyDigger, Citation2014; RaymondGrizzly, Citation2016; The dane, Citation2016; TreasureHunters, Citation2009; TripnBils, Citation2014)

Table 22. Levels of metal detecting across months and seasons, as measured by reporting of finds in England and Wales (1st January 2003–31st December 2015, derived from Portable Antiquities Scheme, Citation2016)

Table 23. Minimum average number of reportable finds per detectorist per day and per hour (adapted from Robbins, Citation2012, v. 2, p. 36 – Table 4.4)

Table 24. Minimum average number of material finds per detectorist per day and per hour (adapted from Robbins, Citation2012, v. 2, p. 36 – Table 4.4)

Table 25. Comparison of polls and surveys on hours per detectorist per year

Table 26. Estimates of minimum average person-hours of illicit detecting per year, number of reportable finds per year and total number of material finds per year, ranked by quantity

Table 27. Estimates of minimum average person-hours of licit detecting per year, number of reportable finds per year and total number of material finds per year, ranked by quantity

Table 28. Estimates of minimum average person-hours of overall detecting per year, number of reportable finds per year and total number of material finds per year, ranked by quantity