The conservation of African yellowwood tree (Afrocarpus falcatus) in Sidama sacred sites, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 2. Map of Sidama, Ethiopia (Source: Bureau of Finance and Economic Development, Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State-SNNPRS of Ethiopia).

Figure 3. Administrative maps of Wonsho District, Sidama, Ethiopia, showing study localities.

Figure 6. Local models for bio-cultural interface of native trees and culture; Source: Own data).

Figure 1. Map of Ethiopia, showing Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Regional State SNNPRS & Sidama Zone (Credits: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File).

Figure 4. Distribution and conservational state of SNS in studied localities, July 2012-Jan 2013, Wonsho, Sidama, Ethiopia (Base map source: Sidama Zone- Agriculture and Natural Resource Department, March 2012, Hawassa, Ethiopia) Integrate this in the main map.

Table 1. Religious affiliation & maintenance of trees for noncash purposes among surveyed households, HHS September 2012, Wonsho

	Maintaining trees for noncash use
	No		Yes
Religious Affiliation	Count	% within Religious Affiliation	Count	% within Religious Affiliation
Protestant	46	32.6%	95	67.4%
Ancestral Religion	8	16.7%	40	83.3%
Ethiopian Orthodox	1	10.0%	9	90.0%
Muslim	1	100.0%	0	0.0%
Total	56	28.0%	144	72.0%

Figure 5. (a). A sacred A. falcatus at the household front yard, Wonsho, Ethiopia, November 2012. (b). A SNS of 12 A. falcatus, making the shape of a ring surrounding a household ancestral grave sacred, November 2012, Wonsho-Sidama, Ethiopia; (c). Sacred A. falcatus at a household-based gudumales, Wonsho-Sidama, Ethiopia, January 2013; d. Mancho Luwaa, an SNS for age-grade intuition rituals, January 2013Wonsho-Sidama, Ethiopia; e. A view of Afrocarpus falcatus forest at Abbo Wonsho SNS, August 2012, Bokaso, Sidama, Ethiopia

Table 2. Households’ views of SNS as havens for endangered flora and fauna in Abo Wonsho Sacred Forest (AWSF), Wonsho-Sidama, Ethiopia (n = 200)

Statement	Response	Count	Percent
Presence of fauna in AWSF not found elsewhere	Disagree	4	2
	Agree	188	94
	Not sure	8	4
Presence of small plants in AWSF not found elsewhere	Disagree	3	1.5
	Agree	185	92.5
	Not sure	12	6
Presence of big trees in AWSF not found elsewhere	Disagree	7	3.5
	Agree	178	89
	Not sure	15	7.5

Table 3. Locally reported most endangered native woody tree species protected at Wonsho Sacred Sites, based on interviews, Focus Group Discussions, SNS surveys and observations, 2012, Bokaso, Ethiopia

Local name	Scientific name	Locally reported conservation status	Observed frequency of occurrence
Dagucho	Afrocarpus falcatus	Declining	Most observed and dominant at the sacred forest and other places
Seetame	Olea capensis spp.	Highly endangered	Observed rarely
Duwancho	Syzygium guineense	Highly endangered	Observed rarely
Garbicho	Ocotea kenyensis	Declining	Observed rarely
Oloncho	Psydrax schimperiana	Declining	Observed rarely
Dugucho	Pouteria altissima	Highly endangered	Extremely rare
Sidancho honcho	Juniperas procera	Highly endangered	Observed rarely
Ţonţoloma	Lepidotrichilia volkensii	Highly endangered; lost in other places	Not observed
Woraricho	Syzygium guineense (Wild.) DC.	Highly endangered; lost in other places	Observed (only once)
Koqqo	Drynaria volkensii	Highly endangered; lost in other places	Observed rarely
Falako	Macaraga kilimandsharica Pax	Highly endangered; lost in other places	Not observed
Çuço	Maytenus arbutifolia	Highly endangered; lost in other places	Observed rarely
Bulancho	Withania somnifera	Not known, reported as found only at AWSF	Not observed
Shohicho	Ocotea kenyensis	Rapidly declining	Observed rarely
Godicho	Fagaropsis angolensis	Endangered	Observed (rarely)