Implementation model and supervision of participatory budgeting: An Ecuadorian approach applied to local rural governments

Figures & data

Table 1. PB implementation phases comparison

Year		Authors
		Rendón Corona (2004)	Ríos e Insua (2008)	Díaz (2009)	Rendón Corona (2014)
Year prior to execution		Step 1: Evaluation of results from the previous year.	A methodology and models based on the frequency of meetings: -In person -Voting mechanisms	Step 1: Call. Step 2: Registration of participants. Step 3: Election of the Local Coordination Council. Step 4: Information and prioritization workshops. Step 5: Technical evaluation of the proposals. Step 6: Budget approval. Step 7: Election of the monitoring committees.	Step 1: The constitution of assemblies and themes. Step 2: Training of stakeholders
Year Execution	Start	Step 2: Execution		Step 8: Execution	Step 3: Execution Step 4: Discussion of the budget and approval of the investment plan for the following year. Step 5: Evaluation of the activities carried out
	Mid
	Final	Step 3: Step 1 is repeated

Source: Own elaboration

Table 2. Phases and schedule of participatory budgeting

	Jan.	Feb.	Mar.	Apr.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Aug.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.
Activities in the first year
1. Participatory budget outlook.	x	x	x	x
1.1 Determination of amounts
1.2 Distribution Criteria
1.3 Prioritization Criteria
2. Community planning and participation process					x	x	x	x
2.1 Notification
2.2. Diffusion
2.3 Agreement/Needs identification
2.4 Workshop for Identification and Prioritization of Results
3. Formulation and approval of the municipal budget									x	x	x	x
3.1 Formalization of agreements and commitments of the Participatory Budget
3.2 Approval of the project												x
Activities in the second year
4. Participatory execution	x	X	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
5. Follow-up	x	X	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x
Activities in the third year
6. Closure and Evaluation	x	x	x

Source: Own elaboration

Table 3. Participatory budget outlook

Participatory budget outlook
Cantonal System of Citizen Participation			Documents
Constituted by	Participants	Cantonal Assembly
-Cantonal Assembly, -Cantonal Planning and Budget Council -Local Citizen Assemblies -All forms of citizen organization	-Elected authorities: mayor, municipal councilors, presidents of the communities. -Representatives of the dependent regime, representatives of the decentralized units of the ministries or secretariats of the Central Government. -Representatives of society in the cantonal area.	-The mayor of the canton (preside the assembly). -The councillor (preside the Planning and Budget Commission) -One representative of the District Governments. -A representative of the neighborhoods of the Urban Districts -A representative of each Shuar Association -Representatives of the dependent regime. -The public servant in charge of the Direction of Planning and Development.	-Work schedule with the community. -Minutes of the assemblies held. -Municipal ordinance approved and published.

Source: Own elaboration based on GAD Municipal del Cantón Gualaquiza (2017).

Table 4. Distribution of the participatory budget

No.	Neighborhood/District	Population 2010	Population Projection. 2018	25% Equality	50% Population	25% UBN (Unsatisfied basic needs)	Total Basic Units	Percentage
1	Amazonas	412	459	8887,50	4219,01	2109,51	15,216,02	4%
2	Bermejos	223	247	8887,50	2270,36	1135,18	12,293,04	3%
3	Bomboiza	4623	4980	8887,50	45,774,90	22,887,45	77,549,85	22%
4	Chigüinda	552	613	8887,50	5634,54	2817,27	17,339,31	5%
5	El Ideal	821	909	8887,50	8355,30	4177,65	21,420,45	6%
6	El Rosario	608	675	8887,50	6204,43	3102,21	18,194,14	5%
7	Nueva Tarqui	511	650	8887,50	5974,64	2987,32	17,849,45	5%
8	San Miguel de Cuyes	184	202	8887,50	1856,73	928,37	11,672,60	3%
9	Mercedes Molina	1710	1892	8887,50	17,390,78	8695,39	34,973,68	10%
10	Gualaquiza	7518	8711	8887,50	80,069,31	40,034,65	128,991,46	36%
	Total	17,162	19,338	88,875	177,750,00	88,875,00	355,500,00	100%

Source: Municipal DAG Financial Management Gualaquiza.

Table 5. Comparative chart between the theoretical model and the current application in a Rural Municipality

Theoretical model	Rural Municipality Model	Observations
Activities that take place in the first year
1. Participatory budget outlook.	1. Participatory budget outlook.
1.1 Determination of amounts	1.1 Determination of amounts
1.2 Distribution Criteria	1.2 Distribution Criteria
1.3 Prioritization Criteria	1.3 Prioritization Criteria
2. Community planning and participation process	2. Community planning and participation process
2.1 Notification	2.1 Notification
2.2. Diffusion	2.2. Diffusion, Agreement/Needs identification, Workshop for Identification and Prioritization of Results	Due to the difficulties due to the distance and availability of time for the residents, it is impossible to complete the four meetings that the theoretical model suggests. The community together with the mayor and his technical team must carry out in a single meeting the process of determining and prioritizing the works they determine.
2.3 Agreement/Needs identification
2.4 Workshop for Identification and Prioritization of Results
3. Formulation and approval of the municipal budget	3. Formulation and approval of the municipal budget
3.1 Formalization of agreements and commitments of the Participatory Budget		The Municipal DAG of Gualaquiza does not carry out this stage, once the works have been prioritized, they are carried out through the Public Procurement System.
3.2 Approval of the project	3.1 Approval of the project
Activities that take place in the second year
4. Participatory execution	4. Participatory execution
5. Follow-up	5. Follow-up	There are no formally established oversight offices, the leaders go according to their criteria to the parishes.
Activities that take place in the third year
6. Closure and Evaluation	6. Closure and Evaluation

Source: Own elaboration

Rendón Corona, A. (2004). Un modelo de presupuesto participativo. Polis, 1, 9–39. http://www.redalyc.org/comocitar.oa?id=72610402

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Rios, J., & Insua, D. (2008). A framework for participatory budget elaboration support. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 203-212.

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Díaz, A. (2009). Presupuestos municipales, participación y reordenamiento de los espacios políticos. Íconos. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, 34, 27-38.

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Rendón Corona, A. (2014). Porto Alegre, un modelo de presupuesto participativo.Polis: Investigación y Análisis Sociopolítico y Psicosocial, 9-36.

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GAD Municipal del Cantón Gualaquiza. (2017). Ordenanza Sustitutiva que conforma y regula la Participación Ciudadana y Control Social del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Municipal del Cantón Gualaquiza. Consejo Cantonal.

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