The role of family on internet addiction: A model analysis of co-parenting effect

Figures & data

Figure 1. Theoretical model.

Table 1. Sample statistics of demographics

Demographics	%
Gender
Male	48.5
Female	51.5
Age
12–15	27.3
16–18	72.7
Education
Senior school	97
Middle school	3
Family Annual Income (CNY)
Below 40,000 (include 40,000)	25
40,001–80,000 (include 80,000)	25.8
80,001–120,000 (include 120,000)	19.9
120,001–160,000 (include 160,000)	13.7
160,001–200,000 (include 200,000)	5
Above 200,000	10.6

Note. N = 695.

Table 2. Co-parenting styles predicting internet addiction

Demographics
Gender	−.354***
Age	.000
Education	.018
Income	−.001
R^2 (%)	3.10***
Co-parenting
Co-strict-refuse pattern	.51***
Co-strict-overprotection pattern	−.21***
Incremental R^2 (%)	20.0***

Notes: Entries are standardized OLS regression beta coefficients (N = 695). All figures controlled for demographics. # p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001

Figure 2. Moderation effect.

Table 3. OLS regression: joint effect of gender and co-parenting styles on internet addiction

Demographics
R^2 (%)	3.10***
Co-parenting
Co-strict-refuse pattern	.51***
Co-strict-overprotection pattern	−.21***
Incremental R^2 (%)	20.0***
Interaction term
Gender*Co-strict-refuse	.34***
Incremental R^2 (%)	11.6***
Gender*Co-strict-overprotection	.30***
Incremental R^2 (%)	8.8***

Notes: Entries are standardized OLS regression beta coefficients (N = 695). All figures controlled for demographics. # p < .10; *p < .05; **p < .01; ***p < .001

TAble A1. Factor analysis (principal component with oblimin rotation) on internet addiction

	Internet Addiction
I often find myself staying longer on the Internet than I planned to.	.601
I often neglect my work and spend more time on the Internet.	.655
I would like to stay online rather than spend time with friends.	.607
Other people always complain that I spend too much time on the Internet.	.668
I spend a lot of time on the Internet, which affects my homework and school record.	.580
I try to find an excuse when someone asks what I am doing on the Internet.	.518
I use the Internet to distract myself from my real-life troubles.	.550
I am always interested in surfing the Internet.	.539
My life will be boring without the Internet.	.564
I will become angry if someone bothers me when I use the Internet.	.590
I don’t get enough sleep because I surf online late.	.619
I am often lost in thought and imagine that I am surfing the Internet.	.660
When I use the Internet, I tell myself that I will just play for a few minutes.	.652
I often try to cut down on the time I spend online, but I fail to do it.	.641
I try to hide how much time I spend on the Internet.	.615
I would like to stay on the Internet rather than go outside with family or friends.	.639
I feel depressed offline and feel good online.	.620
Variance accounted for (%)	37.03

Note. N = 695.

Table A2. Factor analysis (principal component with oblimin rotation) on parenting styles

	Strict-ness	Under-stand	Over-Protect	Favor	Refuse	Inter-fere
My parents will punish me even though there is a small mistake.	.81
I think my parents are very strict with me.	.72
If I am disobedient at home, my parents will be very annoyed.	.67
Sometimes my parents would punish me severely for trivial trifles.	.54
I will get support from parents when I meet difficulties.		.80
My parents’ punishment is fair and appropriate.		.78
My parents will be proud of me when I get success.		.77
I think that my parents respect and tolerate my different opinion.		.75
I can feel my parents’ love, and the warm, considerate, and affectionate feeling between us.		.62
My parents always over worried about my health.			−.82	-
I think my parents’ concern about me is exaggerated and excessive.			−.59
In compare to other family members, my parents love me more.				−.88
My parents give me something that others cannot get.				−.71
I will feel guilty if I don’t listen to my parents.					.87
My parents often say that “Is this the reward that we work hard for you?”					.73
I think my parents are very stingy with me.					.64
My parents pay much attention to what friends I make.						−.86
My parents always care about what I usually do at night.						−.82
Variance accounted for (%)	25.7	19.8	5.8	5.6	5.4	4.4

Note: Loadings on the four factors are sufficiently clean that no cross-loaders at or larger than .25 are observed. Actual cross loading figures are therefore omitted for ease of reading (N = 695).

Table A3. Factor analysis (principal component with oblimin rotation) on co-parenting pattern 1

	Co-Strict-Overprotect
My parents will punish me even though there is a small mistake.	.77
Sometimes my parents would punish me severely for trivial trifles.	.76
If I am disobedient at home, my parents will be very annoyed.	.74
I think my parents are very strict with me.	.71
I think my parents’ concern about me is exaggerated and excessive.	.58
My parents always over worried about my health.	.42
Variance accounted for (%)	45.7

Note. N = 695

Table A4. Factor analysis (principal component with oblimin rotation) on co-parenting pattern 2

	Co-Strict-Refuse
Sometimes my parents would punish me severely for trivial trifles.	.78
My parents often say that “Is this the reward that we work hard for you?”	.77
If I am disobedient at home, my parents will be very annoyed.	.73
My parents will punish me even though there is a small mistake.	.69
I will feel guilty if I don’t listen to my parents.	.66
I think my parents are very stingy with me.	.66
I think my parents are very strict with me.	.64
Variance accounted for (%)	49.8

Note. N = 695