The hot zones are cities: Methodological outcomes and synthesis of surface urban heat island effect in Africa

Figures & data

Figure 1. Methodological steps of the review.

Figure 2. Study countries of reviewed articles.

Table 1. Information on reviewed articles in Africa

Regional Divisions	Country	Cities	Author
Western Africa	Nigeria	Abuja	Adeyeri et al. (2017)
Eastern Africa	Ethiopia, Tanzania	Addis Ababa, Dar es Salaam	Cavan et al. (2014)
Western Africa	Ghana	Accra	Codjoe et al., 2020
Eastern Africa	Ethiopia	Addis Ababa	Feyisa et al., 2014
West and Central Africa	Africa	19 African cities	Grace et al., 2015
South Africa	South Africa	Johannesburg	Hardy and Nel (2015)
Eastern Africa	Kenya, Mozambique		King’uyu et al. (2000)
Southern Africa	South Africa		Kruger and Shongwe (2004)
Southern Africa	South Africa		MacKellar et al. (2014)
Southern Africa	South Africa	East London	Mazinyo and Kalumba (2018)
Western Africa	Nigeria	Lagos	Ojeh et al. (2016)
Southern Africa	South Africa		Scovronick et al. (2018)
Western, Eastern Africa, Southern Africa	Africa	Nigeria, Nairobi, Addis Ababa, Lusaka	Simwanda et al. (2019)
Southern, Eastern Africa	Botswana, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Madagascar		Vancutsem et al. (2010)
21 African countries	Africa	21 cities	Yeeles (2015)
Eastern Africa	Kenya	Nkuru	Kimuku and Ngigi (2017)
Northern Africa	Egypt	Cairo	Abutaleb et al. (2015)
Northern Africa	Egypt	Cairo	Effat and Hassan (2014)
Eastern Africa	Tanzania	Der as Saleem	Pasquini et al. (2020)
Western Africa	Ghana	Tamale and Accra	Wilby et al. (2021)
Eastern Africa	Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda	Khartoum, Dar es Salaam, Nairobi, Addis Ababa, Kampala	Li et al. (2021)

Adeyeri, O. E., Akinsanola, A. A., & Ishola, K. A. (2017). Investigating surface urban heat island characteristics over Abuja, Nigeria: Relationship between land surface temperature and multiple vegetation indices. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 7(June), 57–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2017.06.005

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Cavan, G., Lindley, S., Jalayer, F., Yeshitela, K., Pauleit, S., Renner, F., Gill, S., Capuano, P., Nebebe, A., Woldegerima, T., Kibassa, D., & Shemdoe, R. (2014). Urban morphological determinants of temperature regulating ecosystem services in two African cities. Ecological Indicators, 42, 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2014.01.025

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Feyisa, G. L., Dons, K., & Meilby, H. (2014). Landscape and Urban planning efficiency of parks in mitigating urban heat island effect : An example from Addis Ababa. Landscape and Urban Planning, 123, 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.008

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King’uyu, S. M., Ogallo, L. A., & Anyamba, E. K. (2000). Recent trends of minimum and maximum surface temperatures over Eastern Africa. Journal of Climate, 13(16), 2876–2886. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2000)013<2876:RTOMAM>2.0.CO;2

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Kruger, A. C., & Shongwe, S. (2004). Temperature trends in South Africa : 1960 – 2003. 1945, 1929–1945. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1096

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MacKellar, N., New, M., & Jack, C. (2014). Climate trends in South Africa observed and modelled trends in rainfall and temperature for South Africa : 1960 – 2010. South African Journal of Science, 110(7), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1590/sajs.2014/20130353

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Mazinyo, I. R. O. S. P., & Kalumba, W. N. A. M. (2018). Spatiotemporal monitoring of land surface temperature and estimated radiation using remote sensing : Human health implications for East London, South Africa. Environmental Earth Sciences, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7252-6

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Scovronick, N., Sera, F., Acquaotta, F., Garzena, D., Fratianni, S., Wright, C. Y., & Gasparrini, A. (2018). The association between ambient temperature and mortality in South Africa : A time-series analysis. Environmental Research, 161(September 2017), 229–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.11.001

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Simwanda, M., Ranagalage, M., Estoque, R. C., & Murayama, Y. (2019). Spatial analysis of surface urban heat Islands in four rapidly growing African cities. Remote Sensing, 11(14), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11141645

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Vancutsem, C., Ceccato, P., Dinku, T., & Connor, S. J. (2010). Remote sensing of environment evaluation of MODIS land surface temperature data to estimate air temperature in different ecosystems over Africa. Remote Sensing of Environment, 114(2), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2009.10.002

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Yeeles, A. (2015). Weathering unrest : The ecology of urban social disturbances in Africa and Asia. Journal of Peace Research, 52(2), 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343314557508

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Kimuku, C. W., & Ngigi, M. (2017). Study of Urban Heat Island trends to aid in Urban planning in Nakuru County-Kenya (pp. 309–325). https://doi.org/10.4236/jgis.2017.93019

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Abutaleb, K., Ngie, A., Darwish, A., Ahmed, M., Arafat, S., & Ahmed, F. (2015). Assessment of Urban Heat Island using remotely sensed imagery over Greater Cairo, Egypt. March, 35–11. https://doi.org/10.4236/ars.2015.41004

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Pasquini, L., Aardenne, L., Van, Nicole, C., Lee, J., & Jack, C. (2020). Science of the Total Environment Emerging climate change-related public health challenges in Africa : A case study of the heat-health vulnerability of informal settlement resi- dents in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Science of the Total Environment, 747, 141355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141355

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